Thu, Aug 21, 2025
Volume 19, Issue 3 (May-Jun 2025)
mljgoums 2025, 19(3): 31-35 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Omosigho P O, Oghogho G P, Osayekewmen U V, Okesanya O J, Oladejo J M, Osarodion U P. Characterization and antifungal susceptibility patterns of candida species isolated from a tertiary hospital in Benin city, Nigeria. mljgoums 2025; 19 (3) :31-35
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1711-en.html
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1711-en.html
Pius Omoruyi Omosigho1 
, Guobadia Precious Oghogho1 , Ugiagbe Victory Osayekewmen1 , Olalekan John Okesanya2 , Janet Mosunmola Oladejo3 , Uyigue Paulinus Osarodion4
, Guobadia Precious Oghogho1 , Ugiagbe Victory Osayekewmen1 , Olalekan John Okesanya2 , Janet Mosunmola Oladejo3 , Uyigue Paulinus Osarodion4
1- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Edo State University, Uzairue, Benin City, Benin, Nigeria
2- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Neuropsychiatric Hospital Aro, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria ,okesanyaolalekanjohn@gmail.com
3- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
4- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
2- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Neuropsychiatric Hospital Aro, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria ,
3- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
4- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Abstract: (861 Views)
Background: Candida species are known to be the most frequently encountered fungal pathogens in humans. There has been a noticeable rise in the occurrence of human infections caused by Candida over the past few decades. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify different species of Candida and determine the antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital in Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.
Methods: A total of 104 Candida isolates were obtained from various clinical specimens using a simple random sampling technique. The isolates were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and were later sub-cultured on CHROMagar Candida after morphological characteristics observation and identification of Candida species were confirmed based on characteristic color production on CHROMagar. Antifungal susceptibility testing for Candida isolates was conducted following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M44-A recommendations for Amphotericin B, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, and Nystatin. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Candida albicans was the most prevalent species, accounting for 72.1% of isolates, followed by Candida krusei (17.3%), Candida tropicalis (7.7%), and Candida glabrata (2.9%). High vaginal swabs showed the highest frequency of Candida isolates (46.2%). Females exhibited a higher preponderance of candidiasis (81.3%) compared to males. With p-values of 0.007* and 0.028*, respectively, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata exhibited significant differences in susceptibility to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole antifungal drugs. The antifungal susceptibility testing indicated variations in resistance patterns among different Candida species.
Conclusion: The study revealed a predominance of Candida albicans in clinical specimens, with emerging cases of non-albicans species. Antifungal resistance to clinically available agents raised concerns, necessitating continuous surveillance and monitoring of susceptibility patterns. The results underscore the importance of developing targeted strategies to combat the challenges posed by antifungal resistance.
Research Article: Research Article |
Subject:
Mycology
Received: 2023/08/31 | Accepted: 2024/05/20 | Published: 2025/06/22 | ePublished: 2025/06/22
Received: 2023/08/31 | Accepted: 2024/05/20 | Published: 2025/06/22 | ePublished: 2025/06/22
References
1. Baumgardner DJ. Fungal Infections from Human and Animal Contact. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2017;4(2):78-89. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
2. Hu L, He C, Zhao C, Chen X, Hua H, Yan Z. Characterization of oral candidiasis and the Candida species profile in patients with oral mucosal diseases. Microb Pathog . 2019;134:103575. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
3. Abharian PH, Dehghan P, Abharian PH, Tolouei S. Molecular characterization of Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans in the oral cavity of drug abusers using duplex polymerase chain reaction. Curr Med Mycol . 2018;4(1):12-7. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
4. Ezenwa BN, Oladele RO, Akintan PE, Fajolu IB, Oshun PO, Oduyebo OO, et al. Invasive candidiasis in a neonatal intensive care unit in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2017;24(3):150-4. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
5. Omosigho PO, Emumwen EF, Emumwen EG, Adeleke A, Okorie EI, Ayuba N, et al. Characterization of Candida Species Isolated from Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Health Facility in Bida, North Central Nigeria. IJBHS. 2019;15(2):59-64. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
6. Talapko J, Juzbašić M, Matijević T, Pustijanac E, Bekić S, Kotris I, et al. Candida albicans-The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection. J Fungi . 2021;7(2):79. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
7. Hsieh FY, Bloch DA, Larsen MD. A simple method of sample size calculation for linear and logistic regression. Stat Med. 1998;17(14):1623-34. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
8. Uzoh CV, Iheukwumere IH, Umezurike KC, Onyewenjo SC. Prevalence of Candida albicans among Women Attending Federal Medical Centre Asaba, South-South, Nigeria. Adv Life Sci Technol. 2016;41(400):54-8. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
9. Khadka S, Sherchand JB, Pokhrel BM, Parajuli K, Mishra SK, Sharma S, et al. Isolation, speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates from various clinical specimens at a tertiary care hospital, Nepal. BMC Res Notes . 2017;10(1):218. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
10. Murray CK, Beckius ML, Green JA, Hospenthal DR. Use of chromogenic medium in the isolation of yeasts from clinical specimens. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54(10):981-5. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
11. Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Diekema DJ. Stability of Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with glucose and methylene blue for disk diffusion testing of fluconazole and voriconazole. J Clin Microbiol . 2004;42(3):1288-9. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
12. ElFeky DS, Gohar NM, El-Seidi EA, Ezzat MM, AboElew SH. Species identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida isolates in cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Alexandria J Med . 2016;52(3):269-77. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
13. Masri SN, Noor SM, Nor LAM, Osman M, Rahman MM. Candida isolates from pregnant women and their antifungal susceptibility in a Malaysian tertiary-care hospital. Pak J Med Sci.2015;31(3):658-61 [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
14. Kalaiarasan K, Singh R, Chaturvedula L. Fungal Profile of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Diagn Res .2017;11(3):DC06-9. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
15. Zakhem AE, Istambouli R, Alkozah M, Gharamti A, Tfaily MA, Jabbour JF, et al. Predominance of Candida Glabrata among Non-albicans Candida Species in a 16-Year Study of Candidemia at a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon. Pathogens . 2021;10(1):82. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
16. Bhattacharjee P. Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, India. Curr Med Mycol. 2016;2(2):20-7. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
17. Deorukhkar SC, Saini S, Mathew S. Non- albicans Candida Infection: An Emerging Threat. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2014:2014:615958. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
18. Sankari SL, Mahalakshmi K, Naveen Kumar V. Chromogenic medium versus PCR-RFLP in the speciation of Candida: a comparative study. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):681. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
19. Jasim ST. The Relationship between Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Some Predisposing Factors in Prevalence among Baghdad Women. Sys Rev Pharm. 2020;11(12):1318-22. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
20. Emeribe AU, Nasir IA, Onyia J, Ifunanya AL. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among nonpregnant women attending a tertiary health care facility in Abuja, Nigeria. Res Rep Trop Med . 2015;37-42. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
21. Solanke BL, Salau OR, Popoola OE, Adebiyi MO, Ajao OO. Socio-demographic factors associated with delayed childbearing in Nigeria. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):374. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
22. Pataky MW, Young WF, Nair KS. Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021;96(3):788-814. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
23. Farr A, Effendy I, Frey Tirri B, Hof H, Mayser P, Petricevic L, et al. Guideline: Vulvovaginal candidosis (AWMF 015/072, level S2k). Mycoses. 2021;64(6):583-602. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
24. Nsenga L, Bongomin F. Recurrent Candida Vulvovaginitis. Venereology . 2022;1(1):114-23. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
25. Mbakwem-Aniebo C, Uche Osadebe A, Athanasonny E, Omezurike Okonko I. Prevalence of Candida spp. and age-related disparities amongst women presenting with vaginitis at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) Clinic in a Tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci . 2020;20(1):51-8. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
26. Taura DW, Maje MH, Koki AM, Musa MG. Antifungal Resistance Among Candida species From Patients with Genitourinary Tract Infection at Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital, Kano - Nigeria. Niger J Basic Appl Sci. 2013;21(1):33-8. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
27. Chen X, Lu Y, Chen T, Li R. The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021:11:631972. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
28. Holdcroft AM, Ireland DJ, Payne MS. The Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Disease-What Role Do Common Intimate Hygiene Practices Play? Microorganisms. 2023;11(2):298. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
29. Costa-de-Oliveira S, Rodrigues AG. Candida albicans Antifungal Resistance and Tolerance in Bloodstream Infections: The Triad Yeast-Host-Antifungal. Microorganisms . 2020;8(2):154. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
30. Bohner F, Papp C, Gácser A. The effect of antifungal resistance development on the virulence of Candida species. FEMS Yeast Res. 2022;22(1):foac019. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
31. Lee Y, Puumala E, Robbins N, Cowen LE. Antifungal Drug Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms in Candida albicans and beyond. Chem Rev. 2021;121(6):3390-411. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
32. Fisher MC, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Berman J, Bicanic T, Bignell EM, Bowyer P, et al. Tackling the emerging threat of antifungal resistance to human health. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(9):557-71. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Enamad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.