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:: Volume 20, Issue 2 (7-2018) ::
J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2018, 20(2): 1-16 Back to browse issues page
Vaccine adjuvants: past, current and future
Parisa Soleimani Roudi1 , Abolghasem Golian * 2, Alireza Haghparast3 , Mohammad Reza Bassami4 , Reza Majidzadeh Heravi5
1- Ph.D Candidate in Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2- Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. golian-a@um.ac.ir , golian-a@um.ac.ir
3- Associate Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4- Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
5- Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract:   (6249 Views)
Adjuvants are an essential component of modern vaccines. An adjuvant is an entity added to a vaccine formulation to ensure that robust immunity to the antigen is inoculcated. The adjuvant is typically vital for the efficacy of vaccines using subunit (pepdids, proteins and virus like particles) and DNA antigens. Furthermore, these components are used to reach the current new goals of preventing and/ or treating chronic infectious diseases and cancers. This review focuses on formulation aspects of adjuvants, safety considerations, progress in understanding their mechanisms of action and also their side effects with using 97 articles are acceceble in pubmed central and google scholar indexing which published during 1980-2016. Adjuvants can be broadly divided into two classes, based on their principal mechanisms of action; the first class are vaccine delivery systems that generally particulate and mainly function to target associated antigens into antigen presenting cells. The others are immunostimulatory adjuvants that predominantly derived from pathogens and often represent pathogen associated molecular patterns which activate cells of the innate immune system. Adjuvants induce cellular and humoral responses, in particular neutralizing antibodies that able to inhibit the binding of pathogens to their cellular receptors. Efficient Th1-immunity-inducing adjuvants are highly in demand. The adjuvants promote good cell-mediated immunity against subunit vaccines that have low immunogenicity themselves. However, attempts to develop a new generation of adjuvants, which are essential for new vaccines, is important, but their use is limited because, little is known about their mechanisms of action and health risks.
Keywords: Adjuvant, Immune response, Vaccine
Full-Text [PDF 505 kb] [English Abstract]   (19695 Downloads) |   |   Abstract (HTML)  (701 Views)  
Type of Study: Review Article | Subject: Immunology
* Corresponding Author Address: Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. golian-a@um.ac.ir
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Soleimani Roudi P, Golian A, Haghparast A, Bassami M R, Majidzadeh Heravi R. Vaccine adjuvants: past, current and future. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2018; 20 (2) :1-16
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