[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
About the Journal
Aim and Scope
Content Coverage
Ethics
Conflict of Interest
Copyrights & License
Price
Indexing Sources::
Editorial Board::
Executive Members::
Articles Archive::
Current Issue
All Issues
Instruction to Authors::
Peer-Review::
Contact Us::
Contact Us
Contact Form
Site Facilities::
Search contents
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
:: Volume 21, Issue 1 (3-2019) ::
J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2019, 21(1): 52-59 Back to browse issues page
Parasympathetic reactivation after upper body exercise among young and middle-aged men
Akram Esfahani Nia 1, Habib Asgharpour2 , Mehdi Ahmadian3
1- Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran , akramesfahani@gmail.com
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
3- M.A in Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
Abstract:   (6907 Views)
Background and Objective: Aging reduces cardiac autonomic function parameters such as heart rate response to exercise and heart rate recovery after physical activity. This study aimed to determine the parasympathetic nerves reactivation after upper body exercise among young and middle-aged men.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study 24 active men based on their age were divided into two groups including 30-35 (young) and 55-60 years old men (middle-aged). Participants performed upper body exercise on a Monark arm ergometer. During the test, heart rate was recorded continuously by electrocardiogram. Also, participants' heart rate was recorded for 10 minutes after completion of the test. In order to measure the time domain parameters of heart rate variability (PNN50 and RMSSD), one-minute successive RR waves intervals collected in 5 minutes and 10 minutes after the completion of the test and then were transmitted to the heart rate variability software for analysis. Also, heart rate recovery was measured in one minute and two minutes after the test by the difference between the maximum heart rate during the test with heart rate in one and two minutes after the completion of the test.
Results: There was a significant difference between PNN50 in minutes 5 and 10 after the test in young men (P<0.05). Young men also had higher values of RMSSD in minutes 5 and 10 compared to middle-aged men. The heart rate recovery in the 2 minutes after test was significantly higher than 1 minute after test in both groups (P<0.05). Heart rate recovery was higher in young people than in middle-aged people at 5 and 10 minutes after high-intensity exercise due to faster withdrawal of sympathetic nerves.
Conclusion: Changes in the autonomic nervous system is dependent on the type, duration of activity, and the age of the participants.
 
Keywords: Heart rate variability, Heart rate recovery, Age, Autonomic nervous system, Exercise training
Full-Text [PDF 237 kb]   (13305 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Articles | Subject: Exercise Physiology
References
1. Esco MR, Olson MS, Williford HN, Blessing DL, Shannon D, Grandjean P. The relationship between resting heart rate variability and heart rate recovery. Clin Auton Res. 2010 Feb; 20(1): 33-38. doi: 10.1007/s10286-009-0033-2
2. Janig W. Integrative action of the autonomic nervous system: Neurobiology of homeostasis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2008.
3. Parashar R, Amir M, Pakhare A, Rathi P, Chaudhary L. Age related changes in autonomic functions. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Mar; 10(3): CC11-15. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16889.7497
4. Daanen HA, Lamberts RP, Kallen VL, Jin A, Van Meeteren NL. A systematic review on heart-rate recovery to monitor changes in training status in athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2012 Sep; 7(3): 251-60.
5. Borresen J, Lambert MI. Changes in heart rate recovery in response to acute changes in training load. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007 Nov; 101(4): 503-11. doi: 10.1007/s00421-007-0516-6
6. Bailón R, Mainardi L, Orini M, Sörnmo L, Laguna P. Analysis of heart rate variability during exercise stress testing using respiratory information. Biomed Signal Process Control. 2010 Oct; 5(4): 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2010.05.005
7. Leti T, Bricout VA. Interest of analyses of heart rate variability in the prevention of fatigue states in senior runners. Auton Neurosci. 2013 Jan; 173(1-2): 14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2012.10.007
8. Fleg JL, Strait J. Age-associated changes in cardiovascular structure and function: a fertile milieu for future disease. Heart Fail Rev. 2012 Sep; 17(4-5): 545-54. doi: 10.1007/s10741-011-9270-2
9. Njemanze H, Warren C, Eggett C, MacGowan GA, Bates MG, Siervo M, et al. Age-related decline in cardiac autonomic function is not attenuated with increased physical activity. Oncotarget. 2016 Nov; 7(47): 76390-97. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12403
10. Lafortuna CL, Chiavaroli S, Rastelli F, De Angelis M, Agosti F, Patrizi A, et al. Energy cost and cardiovascular response to upper and lower limb rhythmic exercise with different equipments in normal-weight and severely obese individuals. J Endocrinol Invest. 2011 Feb; 34(2): 131-39. doi: 10.3275/7253
11. Tulppo MP, Mäkikallio TH, Laukkanen RT, Huikuri HV. Differences in autonomic modulation of heart rate during arm and leg exercise. Clin Physiol. 1999 Jul; 19(4): 294-99.
12. Esco MR. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation following maximal exercise: Its relationship to race, maximal oxygen uptake, and resting heart rate variability. Dissertaion. Auburn University. 2009.
13. Lukaski HC, Bolonchuk WW, Hall CB, Siders WA. Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1986 Apr; 60(4): 1327-32. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1986.60.4.1327
14. Kim JE, Jeon SM, Park KH, Lee WS, Jeong TS, McGregor RA, et al. Does Glycine max leaves or Garcinia Cambogia promote weight-loss or lower plasma cholesterol in overweight individuals: a randomized control trial. Nutr J. 2011 Sep; 10: 94. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-94
15. Sawka MN, Foley ME, Pimental NA, Toner MM, Pandolf KB. Determination of maximal aerobic power during upper-body exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Jan; 54(1): 113-17. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.54.1.113
16. Bertsch K, Hagemann D, Naumann E, Schächinger H, Schulz A. Stability of heart rate variability indices reflecting parasympathetic activity. Psychophysiology. 2012 May; 49(5): 672-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01341.x
17. Rajendra Acharya U, Paul Joseph K, Kannathal N, Lim CM, Suri JS. Heart rate variability: a review. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2006 Dec; 44(12): 1031-51. doi: 10.1007/s11517-006-0119-0
18. Hovland A, Pallesen S, Hammar A, Hansen AL, Thayer JF, Sivertsen B, et al. Subjective sleep quality in relation to inhibition and heart rate variability in patients with panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 2013 Aug; 150(1): 152-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.12.017
19. Singh TP, Rhodes J, Gauvreau K. Determinants of heart rate recovery following exercise in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Apr; 40(4): 601-605. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181621ec4
20. Martinmäki K, Rusko H. Time-frequency analysis of heart rate variability during immediate recovery from low and high intensity exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Feb; 102(3): 353-60. doi: 10.1007/s00421-007-0594-5
21. Goldberger JJ, Le FK, Lahiri M, Kannankeril PJ, Ng J, Kadish AH. Assessment of parasympathetic reactivation after exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Jun; 290(6): H2446-52. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.01118.2005
22. Ahmadian M, Ghorbani S, Dabidi Roshan V, Leicht AS. Influence of waterpipe smoking on cardiac autonomic function at rest and following high-intensity anaerobic exercise. Acta Gymnica. 2018 Jan; 48(1): 36-43.
23. Kaikkonen P, Nummela A, Rusko H. Heart rate variability dynamics during early recovery after different endurance exercises. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007 Dec; 102(1): 79-86. doi: 10.1007/s00421-007-0559-8
24. Tulppo MP, Hautala AJ, Mäkikallio TH, Laukkanen RT, Nissilä S, Hughson RL, et al. Effects of aerobic training on heart rate dynamics in sedentary subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Jul; 95(1): 364-72. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00751.2002
25. Almeida MB, Araújo CGS. Effects of aerobic training on heart rate. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2003 Apr; 9(2): 113-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922003000200006
26. Yu S, Katoh T, Makino H, Mimuno S, Sato S. Age and heart rate variability after soccer games. Res Sports Med. 2010 Oct; 18(4): 263-69. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2010.508704
27. Wood R, Maraj B, Lee CM, Reyes R. Short-term heart rate variability during a cognitive challenge in young and older adults. Age Ageing. 2002 Mar; 31(2): 131-35.
28. Guilkey JP. Heart rate recovery and heart rate variability during recovery from submaximal and maximal exercise in boys and men. Thesis (M.Sc). Ball State University. 2012.
29. Stein PK, Barzilay JI, Chaves PH, Domitrovich PP, Gottdiener JS. Heart rate variability and its changes over 5 years in older adults. Age Ageing. 2009 Mar; 38(2): 212-18. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afn292
30. de Oliveira TP, de Alvarenga Mattos R, da Silva RB, Rezende RA, de Lima JR. Absence of parasympathetic reactivation after maximal exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2013 Mar; 33(2): 143-49. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12009
31. Osailan A, Metsios GS, Rouse PC, Ntoumanis N, Duda JL, Kitas GD, et al. Factors associated with parasympathetic activation following exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016 May; 16: 86. doi: 10.1186/s12872-016-0264-9
32. Cataldo A, Bianco A, Paoli A, Cerasola D, Alagna S, Messina G, et al. Resting sympatho-vagal balance is related to 10 km running performance in master endurance athletes. Eur J Transl Myol. 2018 Jan; 28(1): 7051. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7051
33. Ng J, Sundaram S, Kadish AH, Goldberger JJ. Autonomic effects on the spectral analysis of heart rate variability after exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Oct; 297(4): H1421-28. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2009
34. Savin WM, Davidson DM, Haskell WL. Autonomic contribution to heart rate recovery from exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1982 Dec; 53(6): 1572-75. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1982.53.6.1572
35. Perini R, Orizio C, Comandè A, Castellano M, Beschi M, Veicsteinas A. Plasma norepinephrine and heart rate dynamics during recovery from submaximal exercise in man. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1989; 58(8): 879-83.
36. Christensen NJ, Galbo H. Sympathetic nervous activity during exercise. Annu Rev Physiol. 1983; 45: 139-53. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.45.030183.001035
37. Imai K, Sato H, Hori M, Kusuoka H, Ozaki H, Yokoyama H, et al. Vagally mediated heart rate recovery after exercise is accelerated in athletes but blunted in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Nov; 24(6): 1529-35.
38. Pierpont GL, Voth EJ. Assessing autonomic function by analysis of heart rate recovery from exercise in healthy subjects. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jul; 94(1): 64-68. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.03.032
39. Kannankeril PJ, Le FK, Kadish AH, Goldberger JJ. Parasympathetic effects on heart rate recovery after exercise. J Investig Med. 2004 Sep; 52(6): 394-401. doi: 10.1136/jim-52-06-34
40. Crouse SF, Sterling J, Tolson H, Hasson S. The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on heart rate recovery from exercise. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 1989 May; 9(5): 202-206.
41. Sydó N, Sydó T, Gonzalez Carta KA, Hussain N, Farooq S, Murphy JG, et al. Prognostic performance of heart rate recovery on an exercise test in a primary prevention population. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Mar; 7(7) pii: e008143. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117. 008143
Send email to the article author

XML   Persian Abstract   Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Esfahani Nia A, Asgharpour H, Ahmadian M. Parasympathetic reactivation after upper body exercise among young and middle-aged men. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2019; 21 (1) :52-59
URL: http://goums.ac.ir/journal/article-1-3267-en.html
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 21, Issue 1 (3-2019) Back to browse issues page
مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گرگان Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.05 seconds with 36 queries by YEKTAWEB 4645