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The effect of aerobic training with Citrus aurantium L. on SIRT1 and PGC-1α gene expression levels in the liver tissue of elderly rats
Zinab Shykholeslami, Ahmad Abdi, Alireza Barari, Seyed Ali Hosseini,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Proper nutrition and exercise are two effective factors in improving liver function in old age. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training (T) with consumption of Citrus aurantium (CA) on SIR1 and PGC-1α gene expression levels in the liver tissue of elderly rats.
Method: In this experimental study, 25 elderly female rats were placed in five groups of 5 rats, including 1) control, 2) sham, 3) CA, 4) T and 5) T+CA. Over the course of eight weeks, groups 4 and 5 ran on the treadmill three sessions per week at 65 to 75 percent of the maximum running speed, and groups 3 and 5 received 300 mg/kg/day of CA extract peritoneally. Forty- eight hours after the last training session and CA consumption, SIR1 and PGC-1α gene expression levels in the liver tissue were measured by real-time PCR method. In order to analyze the findings, the Shapiro-Wilk, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post- hoc tests were used (P≤0.05).
Results: T had a significant effect on increasing SIR1 (P = 0.009) and PGC-1α (P = 0.001) gene expression levels; CA had a significant effect on reducing SIR1 gene expression levels and increasing PGC-1α (P = 0.001); T + CA had a greater effect on increasing PGC-1α gene expression levels than T and CA (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: Although eight weeks of T and CA consumption alone appear to improve PGC-1α gene expression levels in the liver tissue of elderly rats, concurrent T and CA consumption has more favorable effects than each of them alone.

The Effects of Continued Training and High Intensity Interval Training along with Citrus Aurantium on Aerobic Power, Heart Weight, Adipose Tissue Weight and Body Weight of Elderly Rats
Seyed Ali Hosseini,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Nutrition and physical activity are two factors which affecting the control of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly population. Present study aimed to investigate the effects of continued training (CT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) along with Citrus aurantium (Ca) on aerobic power and body composition of elderly rats.
Material And Methods: In this experimental study, 42 elderly rats with mean age of 14- 18 months were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats including: control, sham, HIIT, CT, HIIT+Ca and CT+Ca groups. During eight weeks, the Ca groups received 300 mg/kg Ca peritoneally and CT groups ran on treadmill for five sessions per week with intensity of 85%- 100% of VO2max and speed of 15-25 m/min as well as HIIT groups ran on treadmill for five sessions per week with intensity of 65% of VO2max and speed of 20-25 m/min.
Results: CT (P=0.04), HIIT+Ca (P=0.04), and CT+Ca (P=0.04) significantly increased aerobic power; HIIT+Ca (P=0.02) and CT+Ca (P=0.03) significantly increased heart weight and HIIT+Ca significantly decreased adipose tissue weight (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Although CT can improve aerobic power in elderly rats, nevertheless it seems that CT and HIIT along with Ca administration can have more favorable effects on the body composition of elderly rats.

The Effect of Interval and Continued Trainings with Citrus Aurantium on Pain Threshold and Motor Balance in Elderly Rats
Omidreza Salehi, Mayam Kheirdeh, Fatemeh Farkhaie, Mehdi Noura, Rasoul Jamali Fashi, Abdolali Rakhshanizadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract

Background and objectives: Aging is a natural phenomenon associated with a decrease in physical fitness factors and increases in chronic pain. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of High Interval Intensity Training (HIIT) and Moderate Intensity Continued Training (MICT) with Citrus Aurantium (CA) consumption on pain threshold and motor balance in elderly rats.
Material and Methods: Forty-nine elderly rats were randomly divided into 1) control, 2) MICT, 3) HIIT, 4) MICT+CA, 5) HIIT+CA, 6) CA and 7) sham groups. Groups 3 and 5 performed HIIT at a speed of 25-25 m/min, and groups 2 and 4 performed MICT at a speed of 25-20 m/min; also, groups 4-6 received 300 mg/kg/day CA peritoneally. The pain and motor balance tests were evaluated using a hot plate and rotarod devices respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate the normal distribution of findings and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post- hoc tests was used to analyze of findings (P≤0.05).
Results: CA, MICT, HIIT, MICT+CA, and HIIT+CA significantly increased pain threshold and motor balance (P<0.05); MICT+CA (P<0.05) and HIIT+CA (P<0.05) significantly increased pain threshold compared to CA, MICT, and HIIT, and HIIT+CA significantly increased pain threshold compared to MICT+CA (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Although CA, MICT, and HIIT alone can enhance pain threshold and motor balance nevertheless it appears that MICT+CA and HIIT+CA have a better effect on the increase of pain threshold, so the effects of HIIT+CA can be higher than MICT+CA.


The Oral Cavity Moisturizing Effects of Lemon and Aloe Vera Extracts in Patients with Xerostomia: A Comparative Study
Leila Rajaei-Behbahani, Shahla Afshar, Sara Rajaei-Behbahani, Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Xerostomia has been defined as the dry mouth sensation due to hyposalivation or change in saliva composition. Many herbal medicines have been used as treatment options. Since the combination of aloe vera extract and honey, and Lemon is suggested as a potent oral moisturizer, limited studies have been done in this field. Therefore, we decided to compare the effects of these two moisturizers in cases of xerostomia.
Material and Methods: a combination of aloe vera extract and honey, lemon extract, and placebo mouthwashes were provided to 30 participants suffering from xerostomia. Each patient used three types of mouthwash in the following order: For the first mouthwash, the patients were asked to express their sensation of dry mouth using VAS on the first, third, and fifth days. This was followed by a one-week rest period in which patients did not use mouthwash. The same process was repeated to measure the second and third mouthwashes.
Results: Lemon and a combination of aloe vera extract and honey were both found to be significantly effective in reducing the dry mouth sensation. However, lemon was significantly more effective in this regard. Placebo was significantly less effective than both extracts and overall had no statistically significant impact on the dry mouth sensation (p<0.001)
Conclusion: Lemon mouthwash was significantly more effective than a combination of aloe vera and honey. Thus, it is recommended to improve dry mouth sensation.

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