Zahra Shekarriz, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Maryam Nabati, Assie Jokar, Seyde Sedighe Yousefi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases. One of the factors contributing to blood pressure is peripheral vascular resistance. Vascular stiffness plays a key role in developing the hypertension, leading to increased systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. from Avicenna s perspective, the blood pressure caused by 1- Increased blood volume 2- Warm heart dystemperament which leads to the hyperactivity of heart pump and increased cardiac output 3- A vascular disorder called "Tasallob Sharaeen” "atherosclerosis". So, one of Avicennachr s recommendations for the prevention and treatment of hypertension is the consumption of Moisturizing foods and beverages and fruits. One of these moisturizing products which are very useful is “whey Protein”. It seems that by studying ancient Iranian medicine s general books, new and effective solutions can be provided in the prevention and treatment of diseases.
Farah Nameni, Siavash Shahdusti, Majid Hashemi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Clinical studies have indicated, that exercise activity and supplementation may have different effects on heart function and health. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of weight training with whey protein supplementation on ANP, BNP, and Galactin-3 in 60-65 years old sedentary men.
Material and Methods: This study was based on a quasi-experimental design. The sample population was selected from volunteers out of the Kahrizak charity sanitarium of the Tehran province. Forthy men were randomly assigned to 4 groups (control, exercise, whey protein, and exercise + whey protein). Whey protein and exercise + whey protein groups were asked to consume whey protein. Training protocol lasted for 6 weeks. Blood levels of ANP, BNP, and Galactin-3, before and after the study were measured. Normality and variance heterogeneity was assessed using Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's tests respectively. The significance of differences between training and supplementation groups was assessed by ANOVA and LSD hock post-test.
Results: The results showed that weight training program and in combination with whey protein supplementation significantly reduced Atrial natriuretic peptide (P=0.001), Brain natriuretic peptide (P=0.001), and Galactin-3 (P=0.001), compared to the control group (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The reduction of cardiac injury indices and structural and physiological recovery and the increase of cardiac function have been affected by the synergy of his training and protein.
Ezatolah Kazeminejad, Negar Naghashpour,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has led to increasing global concerns about infection control. Amid this pandemic, dentistry could be considered as one of the most high-risk medical sectors for health workers due to the high exposure to patients infected with this deadly virus.After the decline of the steep prevalence of COVID -19 cases, the dental associations have allowed dental offices to reopen under special circumstances by taking the necessary precautions and following the prescribed guidelines to keep both the dentists and their patients safe and healthy during the treatment.
The aim of this review is to present a policy to manage and facilitate the dental procedures in the dental practice routine amid coronavirus by focusing on the patients’ risk level in order to keep the possibility of COVID -19 transmission to a minimum.
Iman Fathi, Maryam Nourshahi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the response of lipid profile, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial biogenesis index of obese rats to various exercise training.
Material and Methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups of 6: 1) obese-interval training (HIIT); 2) obese-continuous training (CT); 3) obese control (OB) and 4) control (Cont). During the study period, (from 16 to 24 weeks) rats in groups 1, 2, and 3 were given high-fat foods (from 16 to 24 weeks). After being familiarized, rats in groups 1 and 2 performed HIIT and continuous training three times a week for eight weeks, respectively. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test (p≤0.05).
Results: A study of Western blotting showed that the amount of muscle PGC1α in HIIT and CT groups was significantly higher than OB and Cont groups. Also, despite the more reduction in visceral fat and other factors in the CT group, the HIIT groupchr('39')s PGC1α content was higher than the CT group, which was not significant. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in HIIT and CT groups (At 24 weeks) were significantly lower than the OB group (p≤0.05); However, these glycemic indices weren’t significantly different from the control group (P≥0.05). There was a significant difference in TG, TC, LDL, and HDL values between the exercise groups with the OB group. In addition, the increase in visceral fat was 27% in the OB group, while a decrease of 30% and 43% was observed in the HIIT and CT groups, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the use of HIIT can be as effective as continuous training on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial function of muscle tissue in obese people.
Abdolrahim Davari, Alireza Daneshkazemi, Farnaz Farahat, Elham Motallebi, Sepideh Abbasi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Tooth bleaching changes the microhardness and mineral content and color of the tooth. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of carbamide peroxide on microhardness, mineral content and color change in white spot lesions.
Material and Methods: Thirty-two samples were selected without caries, cracks and stains, and immersed in 0.5% chloramine-T for one week. Then the tooth crowns were separated. The teeth were artificially decayed by pH cycling. For bleaching on the enamel, a coating of 10% carbamide peroxide gel with a thickness of 1 mm was used for 8 hours. Samples were stored in artificial saliva for 16 hours. Bleaching process lasted for 14 days. Microhardness, color changes, calcium and phosphorus levels were measured before and after bleaching. Paired t-test and one-sample test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The microhardness test results were 338.02± 90.15 and 320.94±87.41 before and after bleaching, respectively. microhardness of the samples significantly decreased after bleaching compared to before bleaching (P<0.001). Calcium and phosphorus content in samples after bleaching was not significantly different from before bleaching (P>0.05). The mean color change coefficient (∆E) after bleaching was 6.82±3.96. ∆E in the studied samples was significantly higher than the standard (∆E =3.3).
Conclusion: Bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide significantly reduced microhardness. There was no change in the mineral content of the enamel and color change was proper. It can be concluded from this study that bleaching with carbamide peroxide can be successful.
Fahimeh Rashidi Maybodi, Farzane Vaziri,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
According to recent studies, oral lesions associated with COVID-19, manifests in various forms which may be as inaugural symptoms for the onset of the disease. However, further investigations are needed to confirm their probable characteristic role in diagnosis of COVID-19. It should be also noted that any oral manifestation in COVID-19 must be considered to avoid neglecting oral changes with more lasting destructive effects such as necrotizing periodontal lesions.
Mousa Dehghan, Abdollah Ghasemi, Ali Kashi, Elaheh Arabameri, Kayvan Molanorouzi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Human development is influenced by genetic, environmental, and social factors whose foundation is formed from infancy and childhood. Preterm birth and low birth weight are important issues that can affect the development and threaten the public health.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early exercise interventions on gross motor skills of children with preterm birth aged 3 to 6 years.
Material and Methods: In this Experimental study, 30 children with average (2066 ±354g) were selected from among the preterm infants (32 to 37 weeks less than 2500 g) admitted to NICU ward. They were divided into two groups (experimental group n=15 and control group n=15 children).To evaluate the gross motor skills of children, the second version of the Peabody developmental motor scale was used. The results were analyzed by SPSS using ANCOVA test (p≤0.05).
Results: The results of this study showed that early interventions can have a positive effect on the gross motor skills of these children and the participants in the experimental group were able to obtain higher scores than the control group after participating in the training program.
Conclusion: The results showed that training interventions have a significant effect on both stability and locomotion skills.
Ali Habibi Kia, Arash Dabaghi, Pouya Nikdast,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Early detection of Internal Root Resorption (IRR) is considered a challenging issue in endodontics. Processing filters are used to facilitate image interpretation either in diagnostic or treatment procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnification changes on the detection of IRR in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images.
Material and Methods: In this study, a total of 34 healthy single-canal & rooted teeth were split mesiodistally through their medial canal using an ultra-thin metal saw (1 mm). Then, absorption cavities were artificially created in both low and high degree absorption forms. CBCT images with three different magnification levels of 50, 100 and 150 were analyzed by one radiologist and one endodontist before and after artificial cavity creation. Gathered data were analyzed by MacNemar and Kappa tests using SPSS statistical software. Overall accuracy was calculated by the area under the curve (AUC).
Results: Calculated percentages of sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy for the first (with high image magnification) and second (with low image magnification) observer were the same (100%, 88.24% and 94%, respectively) and there was no significance difference between low and high degree of resorption and also different magnifications with reality.
Conclusion: Depending on its method of application, all levels of magnification for CBCT images are suitable in diagnosis of IRR.
Arezoo Monfared, Mohammad Taghi Moghadamnia, Samad Karkhah, Saman Maroufizadeh, Mohammad Asadian Rad, Jalal Kheirkhah, Fatemeh Jafaraghayee,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, disease diagnosis is essential for optimal management and timely isolation of infected cases in order to prevent further spread. The aim of this study is to assess of predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients.
Material and Methods: In a retrospective study, 522 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in Razi hospital, Guilan Province, Iran. This hospital was the main center for the treatment of COVID-19 patients in Guilan province. Data gathering was performed by census sampling from March to August 2020. Simple and Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the relationships of clinical and demographic characteristics with in-hospital mortality.
Results: Multiple logistic regression showed that older age (aOR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.06, P<0.001), decreased O2 saturation (aOR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.86 to 0.92, P<0.001), having a dysrhythmia (aOR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.46 to 6.05, P=0.003), symptoms associated with heart failure (aOR=0.43, 95%CI: 0.18 to 0.99, P=0.048), and mixed drug antiviruses (aOR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.22 to 4.90, P=0.012) were mortality predictor variables among COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion: Therefore, special attention should be paid to the factors influencing the mortality of COVID-19 patients. It is recommended that older patients, dysrhythmia, and symptoms associated with heart failure be treated with extreme caution.
Nazila Javadi-Pashaki, Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari, Sahar Miri , Samad Karkhah,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Decreased life expectancy is considered as a key indicator of human development. Obviously, the increase in mortality, especially in vulnerable groups such as older people, leads to a major disruption in the human development of countries. On the other hand, the destructive social and economic effects of COVID-19 on human life further reduce their life expectancy. Therefore, it is suggested that policymakers and health managers make appropriate decisions such as timely vaccination of older people, future treatment measures, and appropriate behavioral changes to control the disease and improve life expectancy among older people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Zahra Bahrololoomi, Tahereh Sadeghieh, Nahid Maghsoodi, Shirin Pajouhandeh,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Children’s dental fear is one of the most important challenges that pediatric dentistry faces. Several factors play an important role in children’s dental fear. Home quarantine, changes in routine life and economic disadvantages have resulted in emotional changes in parents and children during COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of children’s dental fear, parental anxiety and their possible correlation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study comprised one hundred and four children aged 6-12-year-old and their parents. The level of parental anxiety was evaluated using Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. CFSS-DS (Children Fear Schedule Survey-Dental Subscale) questionnaire assessed the child’s dental fear. Independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.
Results: There were significant correlations between the level of parent’s state and trait anxiety and child’s dental fear (respectively P value=0.009 and P value=0.000). However girls showed insignificant higher levels of dental fear compared with boys (P value=0.175), children younger than 9 years old and children with a previous dental treatment had significantly higher dental fear scores (respectively P value=0.006 and P value=0.002). Age, gender and level of education did not show a significant effect on the level of parental anxiety (respectively P value=0.630, P value=0.874 and P value=0.198).
Conclusion: The study has resulted in a significant correlation between parental state-trait anxiety and children’s dental fear.
Mohammad-Sadegh Alemrajabi, Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar, Mahdi Dastorani, Meysam Barjestehnia,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common disease of the nonkeratinized oral mucosa characterized by painful ulcerations and inflammation, causing difficulty in eating, swallowing, and speaking. Symptomatic treatment is considered for this disease due to the ambiguity of the exact etiology. The beneficial therapeutic effects of Persica and Propolis mouthwashes led us to the objective of studying therapeutic potentials of these herbal mouthwashes.
Material and Methods: The present double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients with minor aphthous ulcers and no systemic disease, who were divided into two groups of 20 via random allocation (systematic random sampling). Each group received 15 drops of propolis or persica mouthwashes three times a day for 10 days. Pain intensity was recorded by measuring the score of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the diameter of minor aphthous lesions (in mm) at three periods of before treatment, and on the second and sixth days after treatment. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test.
Results: There was no significant difference between pain intensity and ulcer size before treatment and on the second day of treatment. The pain intensity on day 6 was significantly lower in Persica group (P=0.045) but no difference was observed in the mean ulcer size on day 6 between the two groups (P=0.104). The rate of pain relief (P=0.031) and reduction of ulcer size (P=0.046) were significantly higher in Persica group.
Conclusion: Propolis and Persica mouthwashes both reduce pain intensity and ulcer size in minor aphthous ulcers, and Persica showed a stronger potential to achieve these goals compared to propolis.
Sahar Miri, Samad Karkhah, Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah, Amirabbas Mollaei, Atefeh Falakdami, Poorya Takasi, Amir Emami Zeydi, Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Since December 2019, the widespread outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a major public health issue worldwide. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, a series of ethically challenging issues arose that put pressure on healthcare systems around the world. This narrative review aims to comprehensively review the literature focusing on ethical challenges and coping strategies about issues related to the healthcare system and social issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: This narrative review was conducted via international databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords extracted from medical subject headings such as "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV disease", "2019 novel coronavirus infection", "Ethics", "Bioethical Issues", "Morals", "Coping Skills", "Coping Skill", "Coping Strategies", and "Coping Strategy" from December 2019 to January 2022.
Results: In general, ethical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic can be divided into two categories: 1) issues related to the healthcare system and 2) social issues. Issues related to the healthcare system can be divided into two categories: 1) lack of resources, equipment and facilities, and manpower, and 2) problems in patient care such as triage and informed consent. Social issues can be divided into four categories: 1) community engagement, 2) crisis management capacity in remote rural communities, 3) discrimination and health equity, and 4) vaccination. Coping with ethical challenges in crises such as COVID-19 requires changing health empowerment policies and strategies based on evidence-based research. On the other hand, overcome on these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration and fast efficient decisions.
Conclusion: Overall, the present study introduced ethical challenges and coping strategies during the COVID 19 pandemic. The experience gained from this pandemic can be considered by managers and policymakers of health care systems for coping with ethical challenges.
Farah Nameni, Fateme Firoozmand,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Research has shown that blood metal levels and physical activity may be key to injury and possibly Alzheimer's treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Folate Nano-liposome on the expression of D1 and D2 receptors in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats.
Methods: Thirty-three male Wistar rats at the age of eight weeks were prepared from Pasteur Institute. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (healthy control, Alzheimer's control, Alzheimer+ HIIT, Alzheimer +Folate Nano liposomes, Alzheimer+ HIIT +Folate Nano liposomes).Alzheimer's induction was performed and Folate Nano-liposomes were injected as a supplement .After the last training session, rats were anesthetized and the hippocampus was analyzed.
Results: The results of one-way ANOVA showed a significant increase between the groups in D1 mRNA and D2 mRNA (P≤0.000). The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a significant increase the control group and the Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's + HIIT and Alzheimer's +folate Nano liposomes. There was a significant increase between Alzheimer's group and Alzheimer's+ HIIT and Alzheimer's+ HIIT+ folate Nano-liposomes (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Resistance training and Folate Nano-liposomes have changed the content of D1 and D2 in the brain after Alzheimer's induction. These changes may be due in part to the synergistic effect of physical activity and Nano-pharmaceuticals in preventing or reducing the detrimental effects of pathological conditions.
Zohreh Hosseini Marznaki, Zainab Alimoradi, Mohammad Hossein Hakimi, Maryam Haghighi, Samad Karkhah,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: One of the potentially effective methods for relieving postpartum perineal pain is auricular acupressure. This review aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of auricular acupressure on postpartum perineal pain in a systematic review.
Material and Methods: An extensive systematic search was performed on online electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Cochrane using the keywords related to the purpose, from the earliest to June 30, 2021.
Results: Of 263 articles, three studies were included in the review. A total of 386 women with a mean age of 29.79 years were included in the review. Of the participants, 192 women were in the intervention group. Of the studies included, two studies evaluated auricular acupressure, and one study evaluated battlefield auricular acupuncture plus standard analgesia. Overall, the number of acupressure points varied from 3 to 5. In most cases, auricular acupressure was used at points of Shen Men (n=3) and the external genital area (n=2). Overall, auricular acupressure in one study out of three studies had a significant effect on reducing postpartum perineal pain. Two out of three studies reported no side effects of auricular acupressure for participants.
Conclusion: It seems that auricular acupressure can be used as a simple, low-cost, and practical intervention to reduce postpartum perineal pain. However, future well-designed studies are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review.
Aliakbar Naghavialhosseini, Mina Pakkhesal, Maryam Ghelichli, Amir Reza Ahmadinia,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
A Dentigerous Cyst (DC) is the most common developmental odontogenic cyst that mostly happens in patients between 10 to 30 years of age. It is usually completely asymptomatic and is discovered on a routine radiographic examination or to evaluate the reason for an erupted tooth. Radiographically, this cyst usually presents a well-defined unilocular radiolucency attached to CEJ of an unerupted tooth which can cause displacement of adjacent tooth or resorption.
This article reports a large infected DC in a 10-year-old male patient related to first and second premolar maxillary teeth, which did not erupt or even change their positions. DC was treated successfully by decompression. After 2 years follow up, there was no evidence of recurrence. In conclusion, marsupialization of cyst with no orthodontic intervention or tooth extraction is a conservative, efficient protocol that stimulates bone healing and promotes the eruption of unerupted teeth even if they are deeply crowded.
Nazila Javadi-Pashaki, Hamidreza Mehrabi, Iman Asdaghijahromi , Seyedeh Mahjabin Taheri Otaghsara, Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari, Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah, Amirabbas Mollaei, Atefeh Falakdami, Poorya Takasi, Aghil Mollaei, Hatef Mashhadi, Samad Karkhah,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The implementation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has increased in recent decades. Due to the positive effects of CAM interventions, 5 to 74.8% of people use these treatments worldwide. However, implementing CAM-related clinical trials is associated with challenging issues. Failure to address these challenges can lead to poor quality of studies, publication of non-scientific findings, and ultimately disregard for human rights and ethics. This review aims to comprehensively review the literature focusing on methodological and ethical challenges for implementing CAM-related clinical trials.
Material and Methods: This review of reviews was conducted via international databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords extracted from medical subject headings such as “Methods”, “Methodological Study”, “Methodological Studies”, “Ethics”, “Complementary Therapies”, “Complementary Medicine”, “Alternative Medicine”, “Clinical Trial”, and “review” from the earliest to May 1, 2022.
Results: In general, challenging issues for the implementation of CAM-related clinical trials can be divided into two categories: 1) methodological and 2) ethical. Methodological challenges included: Risk of bias, Lack of knowledge of researchers, and Blinding. On the other hand, ethical challenges in clinical trial studies are divided into two categories: patients' rights and placebo use.
Conclusion: Overall, the present study emphasizes the need for special attention to the quality of CAM-related clinical trials. Also, this study can pioneer the introduction of critical challenging issues in CAM-related clinical trials and provide appropriate suggestions for researchers to solve these issues in future studies.
Seyyed Moein I Ebrahim, Seyyed Mehdi Jafari,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Despite significant advances in treatment, breast cancer remains a medical problem and the most common cancer leading to death among women worldwide. The most common breast cancer treatments, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are usually expensive and can cause severe side effects and low response rates due to drug resistance. To overcome these problems, medicinal plants can be the best alternative to chemotherapy drugs with fewer side effects and cost-effectiveness. Sesquiterpene lactones are compounds of the Asteraceae plant family that has significantly impacted various aspects of breast cancer cells. This review focused on the biological properties of Sesquiterpene lactones and their potential processes in breast cancer, leading to enhanced anticancer effects.
Emadoddin Moudi, Hamidreza Kamalinia, Sepehr Ramezani, Abazar Akbarzade Pasha, Omid Majidi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
This article reports a pelvic hydatid cyst in a 10-year-old boy who initially presented with right flank pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a cystic lesion containing internal densities, which was found to be a hydatid cyst between the bladder and rectum during surgery. The lesion was excised and sent to a pathology laboratory for further examination.
Seyedeh Almas Fahim Yeganeh, Hanieh Raghimi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
Seyedeh Almas Fahim Yeganeh1 
,
Hanieh Raghimi2 ,
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi 3
Background: Severely contagious, a beta coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread worldwide since December 2019, a life-threatening disease that leads to high mortality.
Methods: This study had 200 cases referred and admitted to 5th Azar Hospital in May and June 2020. Treatment started based on signs and symptoms and confirming positive CT scan findings. RT-PCR test is done for all of them. Patients are categorized due to age, underlying diseases, CT scan findings, and mortality.
Results: Diabetes mellitus (DM) was the most frequent underlying disease (35%), following hypertension (23.5%) and cardiovascular problems (9.5%). Although the severity of CT scan findings within the expired patients’ group was more than survived, the relation was insignificant (P=0.247). The mean age of cases who died was at least ten years more than survived. There was a mortality risk of 5.9 folds in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients comparing patients free of CVD.
Conclusion: In dealing with involved COVID-19 patients considering their age and co-morbidities will help manage earlier and pay more attention to these cases.
