Jorjani Biomedicine Journal

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Background and objectives:

Almost 130 million infants are born each year, more than 8 million of whom

die before their first year of life. In the developing countries, two thirds of these deaths occur in the first month

of their life. Reduced infant mortality is among the Millennium Development indicators, and this rate is high

in Kalaleh city. This study aimed to identify the most common causes of infant death, so that the avoidable

deaths be prevented by offering intervention plans.

Methods:

information was collected with the designed form. The data were, then, coded and entered into the SPSS 17

software, and analyzed using independent statistical chi-square test.

In this study, all causes of infant death in Kalaleh city during 2003-2013 were investigated. The

Results:

prematurity (47.42%), congenital abnormalities (22.42%), and disasters and accidents (9.79%). 82.73%

of the infants weighed below 2500 g. 60% of the prematurity deaths occurred to primigravid women. There

388 infant deaths accounted for 83% of under-5 mortality. The most common causes of death include

was a statistically significant relationship between primigravity and prematurity infant death with a 95% confidence

(P=0.003). 74.74% of the infant deaths occurred in the first week, and 58.96% in the first 24 hours.

Conclusion:

As 38.4% of the infant deaths occurred in the first pregnancy, and 60% of prematurity deaths

happened to primigravid women, and there was a relationship between primigravity and prematurity infant

deaths, the importance of the particular care of these mothers comes into sight. Planning for teaching the im

of caring the primigravid mothers and making their families more sensitive about the significance of

portance

caring these mothers can be effective in reducing premature infant mortality.

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Background & Objective: Citrinin mycotoxin is produced by filamentous toxin producing fungi. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast has the ability to bind mycotoxins to its cell wall and thus reduce its toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of Citrinin mycotoxin and its reduction in wheat flour by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Method: In this study, 15 samples of wheat flour were randomly collected from the bakeries in the city of Babol. The amount of Citrinin contamination in samples was assessed by direct competitive ELISA measurement and then Saccharomyces cerevisiae was added to wheat flour. The amount of Citrinin contamination in the samples was measured by direct competetive ELISA for a second time. SPSS software (version 18), Kolmogrov-Smirnov test and paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of data. The significance level for all tests was considered less than 0.05. Results: The highest and lowest concentration of this toxin in the studied samples were 35.5 and 1.1 ppb respectively, and after the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on wheat flour, 0.8 and 30 ppb respectively. The statistical results showed that the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae decreased the amount of Citrinin in flour samples (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bread is among the most important and necessary food. To reduce its contaminating materials such as mycotoxins, less expensive and safe biological methods can be used.

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Background & Objective: Inability to measure exact exposure in epidemiological studies is a common problem in many studies, especially cross-sectional studies. Depending on the extent of misclassification, results may be affected. Existing methods for solving this problem require a lot of time and money and it is not practical for some of the exposures. Recently, new methods have been proposed in 1:1 matched case–control studies that have solved these problems to some extent. In the present study we have aimed to extend the existing Bayesian method to adjust for misclassification in matched case–control Studies with 1:2 matching.

Methods: Here, the standard Dirichlet prior distribution for a multinomial model was extended to allow the data of exposure–disease (OR) parameter to be imported into the model excluding other parameters. Information that exist in literature about association between exposure and disease were used as prior information about OR. In order to correct the misclassification Sensitivity Analysis was accomplished and the results were obtained under three Bayesian Methods.

Results: The results of naïve Bayesian model were similar to the classic model. The second Bayesian model by employing prior information about the OR, was heavily affected by these information.

The third proposed model provides maximum bias adjustment for the risk of heavy metals, smoking and drug abuse. This model showed that heavy metals are not an important risk factor although raw model (logistic regression Classic) detected this exposure as an influencing factor on the incidence of lung cancer. Sensitivity analysis showed that third model is robust regarding to different levels of Sensitivity and Specificity.

Conclusion: The present study showed that although in most of exposures the results of the second and third model were similar but the proposed model would be able to correct the misclassification to some extent.

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Background and objectives: Anabolic steroids are routinely consumed by athletes. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of Boldenone (BOL) on testicular tissue and the healing effect of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) hydroalcoholic extract in addition to physical exercise.
Methods: In the present case–control study, 42 male wistar rats were purchased and divided into 3 experimental groups. 28 rats were subjected to BOL injection and subsequently divided into 4 groups. The control group, Sham and 8-week BOL group which was also divided into 4 subsequent groups of controlling BOL complications after 8 weeks, untreated control, jujube extract and jujube extract along with physical exercise.
Results: In the present study we found that jujube extract exerted healing effects on all groups pf treated rats in addition to the exercise training groups.
Conclusion: Jujube extract along with physical exercise may exert healing effects on testicular tissue after administration of anabolic BOL steroid.