1- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
2- Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
3- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
4- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
5- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ,adibme921@gmail.com
2- Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
3- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
4- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
5- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ,
Abstract: (470 Views)
Background: Mental health is significantly influenced by parenting styles, and undesirable parental authority styles can have detrimental effects on children’s mental health. Addressing mental health and its contributing factors is essential for improving individuals' personal and social lives. On the other hand, research findings on the relationship between parental authority styles and mental health have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between parental authority styles and the mental health of nursing and midwifery students.
Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 435 nursing and midwifery students using a census method. The research instruments included a demographic information form, Buri’s Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and Goldberg and Hillier’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Questionnaires were completed virtually via Google Docs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS software, and a significance level of P < 0.05 was considered.
Results: The mean age of the participating students was 24.71 ± 5.90 years. Most of the students surveyed were female (75.9%) and undergraduate (75.9%). The mean scores for the permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parenting styles, and for general health, were 21.80 ± 4.64, 21.33 ± 5.64, 24.93 ± 4.92, and 19.22 ± 7.07, respectively. There was a significant and direct correlation between overall public health and the permissive parenting style (r = 0.14, p = 0.003). The correlation between the authoritative parenting style and students' mental health was inverse; however, this finding was not statistically significant (r = −0.05, p = 0.26).
Conclusion: The research results underscore the influence of parental authority styles on students' mental health. It is suggested that university counselors who provide counseling services to young adults consider the influence of parental authority styles on the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of their mental and behavioral disorders, and take measures to assess the type of parental authority style.
Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 435 nursing and midwifery students using a census method. The research instruments included a demographic information form, Buri’s Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and Goldberg and Hillier’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Questionnaires were completed virtually via Google Docs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS software, and a significance level of P < 0.05 was considered.
Results: The mean age of the participating students was 24.71 ± 5.90 years. Most of the students surveyed were female (75.9%) and undergraduate (75.9%). The mean scores for the permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parenting styles, and for general health, were 21.80 ± 4.64, 21.33 ± 5.64, 24.93 ± 4.92, and 19.22 ± 7.07, respectively. There was a significant and direct correlation between overall public health and the permissive parenting style (r = 0.14, p = 0.003). The correlation between the authoritative parenting style and students' mental health was inverse; however, this finding was not statistically significant (r = −0.05, p = 0.26).
Conclusion: The research results underscore the influence of parental authority styles on students' mental health. It is suggested that university counselors who provide counseling services to young adults consider the influence of parental authority styles on the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of their mental and behavioral disorders, and take measures to assess the type of parental authority style.
References
1. Yazdi Feyzabadi V, Seyfaddini R, Ghandi M, Mehrolhasani M. The world health organization's definition of health: a short review of critiques and necessity of a shifting paradigm. Iranian journal of Epidemiology. 2018;13(5):155-65. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
2. Ahmedbookani S, Khodabakhsh M, Etemadi A, Kiani F. The effects of Religious orientation and Parenting styles on students' Mental Health. Community Health Journal. 2013;7(2):20-9. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
3. Nomaguchi K, Milkie MA. Parenthood and Well-Being: A Decade in Review. J Marriage Fam. 2020;82(1):198-223. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
4. Cabrera NJ. Commentary: Recognizing our similarities and celebrating our differences - parenting across cultures as a lens toward social justice and equity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2022;63(4):480-3. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
5. Olutope AE, Akpunne Bede C, Olajide Olufunmilayo A. Parenting style, emotional intelligence and psychological health of Nigerian children. Asian Journal of Pediatric Research. 2019;2(2):1-11. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
6. Salavera C, Usán P, Quilez-Robres A. Exploring the effect of parental styles on social skills: The mediating role of affects. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):3295. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
7. Kuppens S, Ceulemans E. Parenting Styles: A Closer Look at a Well-Known Concept. J Child Fam Stud. 2019;28(1):168-81. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
8. Azman Ö, Mauz E, Reitzle M, Geene R, Hölling H, Rattay P. Associations between Parenting Style and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 11-17 Years: Results of the KiGGS Cohort Study (Second Follow-Up). Children (Basel). 2021;8(8):672. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
9. Rajabtabar Darvishi F, Yahyazade S, Hoseini H. A survey of Relationship between Child Upbringing Styles and Religious Attitude and Mental Health in Girl Students. JRH. 2016;4(1):64-57. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
10. Tabatabaee SM. A Study of the Relationship between Mothers' Child-Rearing Practices and their Daughters' Mental Health. QJFR. 2014;11(2):89-108. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
11. Keshavarz L, Rouzbahani Z. Modeling The Relationship Of Emotional Intelligence, Social Intelligence And Cognitive Intelligence In Physical Education Managers Of Iran Universities. New Trends In Sport Management. 2016;4(14 ):69-81. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
12. Rink LC, Oyesanya TO, Adair KC, Humphreys JC, Silva SG, Sexton JB. Stressors Among Healthcare Workers: A Summative Content Analysis. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2023:10:23333936231161127. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
13. Buri JR. Parental authority questionnaire. J Pers Assess. 1991;57(1):110-9. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
14. Besharat MA, Azizi K, Poursharifi H. The relationship between parenting styles and children's perfectionism in a sample of Iranian families. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011;15:1276-9. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
15. Nazifi M, Mokarami H, Akbaritabar A, Faraji Kujerdi M, Tabrizi R, Rahi A. Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the Persian Translation of General Health Questionnire (GHQ-28) in Hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. J Adv Biomed Sci. 2013;3(4):336-42. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
16. Heleno CT, Borges LdO, Agulló-Tomás E. Factorial validity of the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Avaliação Psicológica. 2020;19(3):322-32. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
17. Taghavi S. Validity and reliability of the general health questionnaire (ghq-28) in college students of shiraz university. J Psychol. 2002;5(4):381-98. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
18. Eftekhari H, Rezaei Fard A, Izadi S. Investigating the Relationship between Parents' Parenting Style and Academic Achievement with the Mediation of Students' Self-esteem. J Res Instr Methods. 2024;2(3):141-72. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
19. Bolghan-Abadi M, Kimiaee S, Amir F. The Relationship between Parents’ Child Rearing Styles and Their Children’s Quality of Life and Mental Health. Psychology. 2011;2(3):230-4. [View at publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
20. Zare F, Bakhshipour B,Hassanzadeh R. Parenting style and mental health in Iranianadolescents. JNASCI. 2014;3(3):274-7. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
21. Shirafkan Ajirloo S, Shamshiri M, Molaei B. The relationship between spiritual intelligence, parenting styles and risky behaviors among high school students in Meshgin Shahr. J Sch Psychol Inst. 2022;11(2):71-82. [View at publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
22. Phua DY, Kee MZL, Meaney MJ. Positive Maternal Mental Health, Parenting, and Child Development. Biol Psychiatry. 2020;87(4):328-37. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
23. Saeedifar M, Saeedifar A. Investigating the Role of Parenting Styles in Predicting Students' Mental Health Through the Mediation of Spiritual Intelligence.New Ideas Psychol. 2023;15(19):1-17. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
24. Zhong X, Wu D, Nie X, Xia J, Li M, Lei F, et al. Parenting style, resilience, and mental health of community-dwelling elderly adults in China. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16:135. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
25. Rezaeian H, Mohsseni N, Mohammadi M, Ghobari B, Sarmad Z, Lavasani M,et al. Evaluation of casual model of family variables and self- understanding with conduct disoders. Hakim Research Journal. 2006;9(3):32-8. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
26. Sourinejad H, Reisi Dehkordi Z, Kohan S, SHams M, Adibmoghaddam E. Comparison of Parenting Style and Mental Health in Single-child and Multiple-children Mothers in Isfahan, Iran. Scientific Journal of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty. 2020;5(4):62-71. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
27. Eun JD, Paksarian D, He JP, Ries Merikangas K. Parenting style and mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018;53(1):11-20 [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
28. Sanchez JH. Lived experiences of young adults exposed to negligent and permissive parenting styles. Walden University, Minneapolis (MN); 2024. [View at Publisher]
29. King KA, Vidourek RA, Merianos AL. Authoritarian parenting and youth depression: Results from a national study. J Prev Interv Community. 2016;44(2):130-9. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
30. Ghosh O. Effect of Authoritarian Parenting Style on Psychopathology. IJHSS. 2021;10(9):37-45. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
