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Showing 3 results for Staphylococcus Aureus.
Effect of Mupirocin Treatment in Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Intensive Care Unit Personnel
Hami Kaboosi , Abolfazl Khandan Del , Ezzat Allah Ghaemi , Sepide Bakhshande Nosrat, Ali Asghar Ayatollahi , Nastaran Golriz ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract

ABSTRACT

       Background and Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common and important infectious agent. This bacterium can enter the bloodstream and cause some complications in the intensive care unit (ICU).This organism can frequently be found in the nose and transmitted by the carriers. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of eradicating S. aureus from the nose of ICU personnel in reducing the risk of S. aureus infections in the Panje Azar Hospital in Gorgan, Iran.

        Methods: Sampling was done using sterile swabs collected from the anterior nasal passages.All samples containing Gram-positive cocci were sent to the laboratory of Faculty of Medicine for identification and evaluation of methicillin resistance. All S. aureus nasal carriers were treated with mupirocin ointment b.d for 5 days. The Samples were cultured again after five weeks to evaluate the eradication of S. auerus from the nose of subjects.

       Results: Overall, seven ICU personnel (11.7%) were S. aureus carriers. Two isolates (3.3%) were found as methicillin resistant using both methods of disc diffusion and PCR. The frequency distribution of positive cases indicated a significant difference in terms of work experience (P = 0.012).

        Conclusion: The findings show that treatment of carriers with 2% mupirocin topical ointment eradicates S. aureus from the nose. No S. aureus isolates was found in reculture of nasal samples. Treatment of healthy carriers can significantly reduce the risk of infections caused by the bacterium in the ICU.

  


Efficacy of Mupirocin Ointment in Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Intensive Care Unit Staff and Patients
Abolfazl Khandan Del , Ania Ahani Azari , Ailar Jamalli, Ezzat Allah Ghaemi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (5-2018)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
          Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Nasal carriage is one of the main routs of S. aureus transmission between hospital personnel and patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mupirocin ointment in eradication of nasal carriage of S. aureus in the ICU staff and patients of Panje-Azar hospital in Gorgan, Iran.
          Methods: In the first three months of the study (January to March), the prevalence of S. aureus among ICU patients was determined by routine microbiological and biochemical testing. Nasal samples were taken from ICU staff and all patients recently admitted to the ICU. Mupirocin nasal ointment (2%) was applied for treatment of S. aureus nasal carriers. Post-treatment sampling was done after five weeks. During the next three months, the presence of S. aureus and rate of resistance to methicillin was evaluated in new patients admitted to the ICU using the method used previously.
          Results: Of 60 samples from the ICU staff, seven (11.7%) samples were positive for S. aureus. Moreover, of 240 samples from the ICU patients, two samples were found as S. aureus-positive. Of the nine S. aureus-positive isolates, only two (22.2%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In the pre-intervention sampling, only five samples (2.8%) were identified as S. aureus, two of which were MRSA. However, treatment with mupirocin ointment eradicated nasal carriage of S. aureus and no isolate was found after the intervention.
          Conclusion: Our finding showed that mupirocin nasal ointment is highly effective in eradication of S. aureus nasal carriage and subsequently contribute to reduction in frequency of nosocomial infections in the ICU.
          Keywords: Intensive Care Units, Mupirocin, Nasal, Staphylococcus aureus.

Effects of Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on Some Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus
Azizollah Ebrahimi, Younes Daryalal, Mohamadreza Mahzounieh, Sharareh Lotfalian,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (7-2018)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
         Background and Objectives: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have physical and surface properties that could threaten human and environmental health. AgNPs are classified as ‘very toxic’ to eukaryotic organisms and are less toxic to bacteria. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of different sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs on some virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogenic bacterial model.
         Methods: Tube double serial dilution method was used to determine MIC of AgNPs against standard strain and ten field isolates of S. aureus. Tube cultures of isolates in LB broth were supplemented with different concentrations of AgNPs and were incubated at 37 °C with constant shaking under aerobic conditions. Samples from each tube were streaked on blood agar plates and assay for hemolysins, coagulase and DNase production were performed.
         Results: The MIC of AgNPs against all examined isolates was determined as 50 µg/mL. The results showed that 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 MIC of AgNPs had no negative effect on DNase and coagulase production but inhibited alpha- and beta-hemolysin production in most isolates (64-91%). In addition, production of delta-hemolysin was inhibited by 1/2 MIC of AgNPs.
         Conclusion: The effects of sub-MIC of AgNPs on bacterial growth appear at 4-8 hours post-exposure and then the bacteria follow a normal growth trend. This toxic effect may affect ecosystems species.
         Keywords: Silver particles, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Virulence factors, Staphylococcus aureus.

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