Showing 13 results for Prevalence
Ar Abdolahi, M Mehrazma,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Nowadays, hematologic disorders are leading health problems in our country. This study attempts to help Public heath planners to do prevention measures and to get ready for doing emergency actions in future. Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross- sectional Study, we worked on all biopsy and aspiration of bone marrow cases (N=469) referred to Dansh pathobiology lab in Tehran, Iran (2007). The Smears were reevaluated by two pathologists. The data such as diagnosis, age, and gender were collected and reported. Results: The total number of annual cases are 469 people consisting of 262 male (55.9%) and 207 female (44.1%). The cases who are less than 15 (15.2%) mostly suffer from ALL-L2.The highest rate is related to 15- 50 year group who mostly have CML and AML .the patients who are more than 50 largely suffer from plasma cell myeloma and CLL . Conclusion: In view of the differences observed in the demographic characteristics of hematological disorder In Iran, we strongly recommend a large scale study to public health authorities providing the necessary planning for preventive measures. Key words: Hematologic disorder, epidemiology, prevalence.
S S Bani Aghil, S Abbasi, M Arab, M S Seyedein,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are the three main agents of Communicable disorders transmitted by blood transfusion. The survey of these virus-caused infections in Blood donors can display epidemiology of infections in province and be useful for evaluating donors’ health. The aim of this study was serologic Study of infections caused by HBV, HCV and HIV in Blood donors of Golestan province, Iran. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on all files of blood donors, referred to Golestan Blood transfusion Services, with positive Lab results. We assess the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV, and demographic data of blood donors and analyzed the data by chi-square, using SPSS soft ware. Results: During 2006-2008, 128198 people have donated in Golestan province. The prevalence of HBV during 2006-2008 is respectively 1.25%, 0.95% and 0.11% HCV is 14%, 13% and of HIV is 0.0015 %( just 2 cases in 2007). The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HCV is higher in male, married and donors with high school diploma. Also the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV is lower in regular donors rather the first time donors. Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of HBV and HCV is decreased during three years. This decrease can be due to physician’s supervision for selecting healthy donor and availability of donors’ medical record. Key words: Golestan Province, HIV, HCV, HBV, demographic,prevalence
Koohsar F, Amini A, Ayatollahi A A, Noshak Gh, Hedayatmofidi H S, Namjoo M,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Food handlers could be the main sources of intestinal parasite transmission in case of not observing the hygienic rules. Contamination can be decreased by screening food handlers through physical exam and laboratory tests. The aim of this study was determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites in 2010. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional research was carried out on 500 randomly selected individuals engaged in different food related careers. After filling out the questionnaire sheets, two specimens of feces were collected from each person and tested by brine 30% (floatation) and direct methods. Result: The results show that the prevalence of intestinal parasites is 6%. The highest prevalence is relateted to Giardia lamblia ( 17 4.3%) and the lowest to Hymenolepis nana ( 3 0.6%). in the age group of 60-51 years (11.8%) and individuals who just able to read and write (7.4%) The highest percentage is observed. The Most contamination is reported in butchery staff (25%) and the lowest in people worked in butler's pantry, without parasitic infections. Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections are high relatively, especially pathogenic protozoan therefore, it is important be careful about health status of these individuals and their role in the spread of pollution. Key words: Intestinal Parasites, Food Handlers, Prevalence, Gorgan
M Rostami, F Tohidi, M Sharbatkhori, H Taherkhani, A Eteraf, R Mohammadi, F Maghsoodloorad,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (10-2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Background&Objectives: High prevalence of parasitic infections can be the result of the subclinical infections. Some regular and ongoing epidemiological studies are needed to combat and control these infections. This study was conducted on elementary school students to achieve an overview of the spread of parasitic infections in Gorgan.
Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using random cluster sampling, 800 of 7-12 year-old students were selected from 18 primary schools in Gorgan. The stool samples taken on three consecutive days were examined by two methods including direct smear and formalin-ether concentration.
Results: Overall, 230 (28.8%) are infected by intestinal parasites. The protozoa are Blastocystis hominis (122 15/2%), Entamoeba coli (93 11/6%), Giardia intestinalis (79 9.9%), and Entamoeba histolytic (8 1%). The Helminthes are Hymenolepis nana (12 1.5%), Entrobius vermicularis (10 1.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides in 4 (0.5%) and hook worms (3 0.4).
Conclusion: Based on the results, the prevalence of intestinal parasites is quite high among primary school students especially in families with low education level, income and sanitary level. Hence, it is a necessity to promote the hygienic knowledge of the students .
Key words: Prevalence, Intestinal parasites, Primary schools students, Gorgan
Sh Hezarkhani, F Nik Nejad, N Shahini,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (8-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection causing ulcers, diabetic foot and enhance nail infection. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of onychomycosis in type II diabetes.
Material and methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 300 diabetic patients selected randomly among those referred to Panje Azar endocrinology clinic. They were examined for peripheral vascular disease, Skin lesions, diabetic foot and Peripheral neuropathy. The Laboratory tests such as FBS, HbA1c, Direct smear and fungal culture were used.
Results: The patients with onychomycosis were 19 (6.3%) their mean age was 53.65±1.04 the youngest was 28 and the oldest 84. The male to female infection ratio was of 1.08 that was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in regards to ethnicity, age, BMI, FBS, HbA1C. The location of the infection was 16 on feet (29.6%), and three on both hands and feet (P = 0.000)
Conclusion: The prevalence of fungal infection was less frequent than that of other studies. Given that there was no significant relationship between different demographic data and its prevalence, further studies with larger sample size are needed.
Keywords: Prevalence, Fungal Infections, Diabetes
N Nazari, Ma Rahimi, E Bayat,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (8-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Trichomonas vaginalis is a pathogenic agent known worldwide and affects about 180 million annually. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in diabetic patients referred to diabetic research center.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 215 women referring to the Diabetic Center in Kermanshah Province were investigated for Trichomonas vaginalis. After collecting the data by a questionnaire, the samples were obtained from posterior fornix by sterile swabs and sent for assessing by direct microscopy and Dorset medium.
Results: Totally, 1.3 percent of the women were confirmed to be infected with T. vaginalis.
Conclusion: The range of blood sugar cannot remarkably affect the prevalence of T. vaginalis. Given the limitations of this study and low prevalence compared to similar studies, we recommend further comprehensive research for better understanding.
Keywords: Trichomonas Vaginalis, Diabet, Prevalence
Safaari, M, Zolfaghari, Mr, Shakib, P, Rouhi, S,
Volume 8, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Diarrheal diseases may occur in all age groups, worldwide. Escherichia coli (E. coli O157: H7) is one of the most important bacterial agents causing this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea in patients with acute diarrhea caused by this bacterium. Material and Methods: In this study, 214 stool samples were collected from acute diarrheic patients in hospitals and clinical laboratories of Malayer city, Iran. The samples were cultured in rich, differentiation, specific and selective medium. To detect E. coli O157: H7, rapid detection method and antisera were used . Results: In 12.15% of the samples, lactose fermentation was observed and E. coli was afirmed. The results of lactose positive samples showed that 6.54% were negative-β- Glucuronidases and were confirmed as E. coli O157. Finally, by using O157: H7 antisera, 1.87% of 14 samples that were negative- β-Glucuronidases were asserted as E. coli O157. Conclusion: based on the results, the prevalence of E. coli O157: H7 is higher in children and elders than the others. Food and water play a significant role in transferring E. coli. Keywords: Prevalence, E. coli O157: H7, Gastroenteritis, Patients
Moradi, M, Matini, M, Mohemmi, N, Maghsoud, A, Zahirnia, A, Parsa, F, Fallah, M,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Assessment of alimentary tract helminthes of rodents has a great zoonotic importance. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of helminth infections in rodents in Hamadan.
Material and Methods: a total of 100 rodents trapped from different parts of city were transported to laboratory. After anesthetizing by chloroform, the animals were undergone an operation to isolates the helminthes. The isolates were stained by Carmine and identified at the genus and species levels. Furthermore, age, sex, weight of rodent and size of various organs of body were determined.
Results: Totally, 62% of the rodents were infected to intestinal helminthes. All trapped rodents were Rattus norvegicus. Six species of helminthes, including three Nematode (45%), 3 Cestode (51%) and no Trematode were isolated from rodents. The infection rate for different helminthes was as follow: Hymenolepis nana 21%, H. diminuta 29%, Heterakis spomosa 43%, Strongyloides sp. 1% Trichuris muris 1% and Cysticercus fasciolaris 1%.
Conclusion: in this area, infection rate of alimentary tract helminthes in the Rattus norvegicus, especially zoonotic helminthes, is relatively high, and the rate of Cestodes is higher than those of Nematodes and Trematodes.
Key words: Prevalence, Helminthes, Alimentary tract, Rodents
Hosseini, Ma, Baniaghil, Ss, Mahmoodi, E, Bagheri Sani, Y, Dahbashi, Gh,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: The donor selection and screening of blood donors for infectious factors is the main target of blood transfusion organization. this study aimed at determining the prevalence of HCV, HBV and HIV in blood donors of Golestan province , from 2012 to 2013.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all files of blood donors with positive lab results in Golestan Blood Transfusion Services. The test results, demographic characteristics and the Prevalence of hepatitis B and C and HIV were determined . The results were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The blood donors were 47,830 and 45,811 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The Prevalence of HBV in 2012 was%0. 299 and in 2013 %0. 284; of HCV % 0. 06 in 2012 and % 0.05 in 2013, and the prevalence of both HCV and HIV totally was 0. 001percent in two years of study. The highest rate of positive case was among the first time donors, married and in those with less than high school education (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Regarding the high rate of positive cases among the first-time blood donors, married and less educated, it is recommended that public media be used for giving information to control communicable infections.
Keyword: HBV; HCV; HIV; Prevalence; Blood Donors .
Mohammad Faezi Ghasemi , Seyede Negin Dibadji,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (9-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are widely produced by Escherichia coli strains. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of blaOXA-1 and blaSHV genes in E.coli strains isolated from patients hospitalized in city of Rasht, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 samples were collected from patients. The E. coli strains were identified using morphological characteristics and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. The prevalence of the blaOXA-1 and blaSHV genes in the E. coli isolated was assessed by PCR method.
Results: Overall, 160 E. coli strains were isolated. Of these, 83 (51.9%) showed ESBL activity while 71 (48.1%) did not. All positive strains were resistant to cephalothin. Moreover, 98.8% of ESBL-producing strains were resistance to amoxicillin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. The prevalence of the blaOXA-1 and blaSHV genes in ESBL-producing strains were 45% and 17%, respectively. In addition, 28.9% of the strains had both genes while the genes were absent in 9.6% of the strains.
Conclusion: Prevalence of the blaOXA-1gene is higher than that of the blaSHV gene. The absence of both genes in some isolates indicates the possible role of other genes in the ESBL activity.
Keywords: Prevalence, ESBLs, Escherichia coli, blaOXA-1gene, blaSHV gene.
Zeinab Nazari, Javad Ghaffari, Negar Ghaffari,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a virus of the Retroviridae family, which has infected more than 20 million people around the world. The study aimed to review the prevalence of HTLV infection in pregnant women.
Methods: We searched various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran and Irandoc using the following keywords: HTLV-1, HTLV-2, Retroviridae, pregnancy, prevalence, incidence, women and female. Abstracts, short/brief reports as well as original and review articles published on HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2 infection during pregnancy until October 2018 were included in the study.
Results: We found five articles from Iran and 14 articles from other parts of the world on the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women. Prevalence of HTLV-1 and or HTLV-2 was higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women in cities of Mashhad and Neyshabur, Razavi Khorasan Province (1.5 to 3.3 %), northeastern Iran, which are endemic areas of Iran for HTLV-1 infection. The incidence rate of HTLV-1 infection was 400-500 per 10,000 pregnant women in endemic areas of Japan. In Brazil, the rate of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women was estimated to be 1.05%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HTLV-1 varies among pregnant women depending on residence in endemic or non-endemic areas for HTLV-1. In endemic areas, it is recommended to perform routine screening for HTLV-1 infection in the general population, especially pregnant women.
Masoud Soosaraei, Ahmad Daryani, Mehdi Sharif, Shabeddin Sarvi, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Mahdi Fakhar,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cryptosporidium spp. is a major cause of gastrointestinal illness in humans. There are no data available on geospatial distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in the Mazandaran Province, Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the spatial patterns and demographic factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection in the Mazandaran Province, North of Iran.
Methods: Fecal specimens were collected from diarrheic individuals (n=215) who were referred to health centers in the Mazandaran Province during 2014-2015. The specimens were examined for presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining.
Results: Cities of Sari, Neka, Noshahr and Behshahr were identified as disease hotspots. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was significantly higher in subjects under 10 years of age as well as those living in low-altitude areas and rural areas without access to standard water sources.
Conclusion: Our findings and the GIS-derived data could be used to facilitate cryptosporidiosis surveillance and monitoring of Cryptosporidium spp. distribution in the study area.
Roghayeh Norouzi, Sajjad Jafari, Haniyeh Meshkati, Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Head louse, also known as Pediculus humanus capitis, is an obligate ectoparasite that is a distributed all around the world. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of head lice infestation in primary school students in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
Methods: Overall, 3,032 students (1,515 boys and 1,517 girls) from 33 primary schools in Tabriz were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling in 2018. The students were examined individually and privately by experts. Head lice infestation was confirmed by detecting adult or nymph or nits less than 1 cm from base of hair. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS software package (version 23). Association of participants’ characteristics with pediculosis infestation was evaluated using logistic regression and chi-square test at significance level of 0.05.
Results: Head lice infestation was present in 130 (4.29%) students, while the prevalence of this condition was higher in girls (2.11%) than in boys. The highest prevalence (6.05 %) was observed in children age 6 years old regardless of gender. The rate of head lice infestation was lowest among students aged ≥12 years (3.17%). There was a significant relationship between head louse infestation and parent’s occupation, family size, the frequency of combing and hair style.
Conclusion: Although the prevalence of head lice infestation in Tabriz is relatively low, screening and treating schoolchildren should be done continuously in order to reduce the infestation rate.
