Negin Rezavand, Asad Vaisi-Raygani, Firozeh Vaisi, Maryam Zangneh , Azin Hoshiar , Fariborz Bahrehmand, Amir Kiani, Gholamabass Dinarvand ,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (7-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Nutritional factors and activation of inflammatory pathways are thought to be involved in pathogenesis of preeclampsia in pregnant women. The present study aimed to compare the serum levels of vitamin D and interleukin-6 in healthy pregnant women with those of preeclampsia ones.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 120 healthy pregnant women and 120 women with preeclampsia referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah. The serum levels of vitamin D and IL-6 were measured by ELISA method. The data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) using independent t-test, the P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean level of vitamin D in the patients (37.64 ± 29.50 ng/ml) and the controls (40.06 ± 33.20 ng/ml). the serum level of IL-6 in patients with preeclampsia (21.71 ± 32.24 pg/ml) was significantly higher compared to that of control group (15.04 ± 28.6 pg/ml) (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, inflammatory factors and cytokines such as IL-6 can be considered as risk factor for preeclampsia. However, more studies with larger sample sizes are required to further evaluate the association of vitamin D levels and risk of preeclampsia.
Keywords: Pregnancy, Pre-Eclampsia, Vitamin D, Interleukin-6.
Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini, Amene Barjaste Yazdi, Rambod Khajeie, Amir Rashidlamir,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: In recent years, exercise immunology studies have focused on key components of immune function, such as immune cells, immunoglobulins, and messenger molecules, as well as the effects of environmental and exercise factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of 8 weeks of selected training on serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and motor performance in elite water polo players.
Methods: For this purpose, 20 male water polo players (mean age: 23 years) were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=10, selected water polo training) and a control group (n=10, traditional water polo training). The selected water polo training was performed for 8 weeks, 6 sessions per week. The intensity of training was controlled using maximum heart rate (80-100%) and increased by 5% every week. Water polo performance tests included a record of 50 meters swimming, 100 meters high swimming, 200 meters’ breaststroke, 6 ×50 meters swimming, and 400 meters swimming. To evaluate the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-4, venous blood (5 ml) was taken in the pretest and posttest stages. The serum levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mean values were compared using the t-test, at significant level of 0.05.
Results: The selected water polo training significantly changed IL-4 levels in elite water polo players (p<0.05). However, IL-6 levels and performance of the subjects did not change significantly.
Conclusion: The selected swimming exercises could relatively improve swimming stagnation of water polo players. However, due to the limited knowledge in this regard, there is a need for further research.
