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Abstract Background and objectives: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is acquired by infection with human immunodeficiency virus. (HIV).Parasite caused infection is the most common problem in AIDS Patients. Sometimes unusual and opportunistic infections such as intestinal parasitic infections may cause serious gastric intestinal (GI) disorders, which can finally lead to death. The aim of this study is to find intestinal parasites in AIDS patients referred to Disease Consultation Center of Kermanshah province. Materials and methods: In this study, the stool samples were collected from 75 AIDS patients admitted to Kermanshah consultation disease center. Then, all samples were tested by direct and formalin ether methods. Results: As shown in results , 13 patients (17.4%) are infected with Entamoeba coli, two( 2.7%) with Entamoeba histiolyticaly,one(1.4%) with Giardia lumbelia ,six (8%) with Blastocystis hominis ,two( 2.7%) with Isospora belli ,one(1.4%) with Ascaris lumbericoides ,two( 2.7%) with Endolimax nana . Conclusion: This study indicated that the frequency of pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasites was low in HIV+ patients. This may be related to anti-parasitic drugs used in all HIV+ patients admitted to Kermanshsh nsultation Disease center. Key words : Intestinal parasitic Infections, AIDS, Kermanshah consultation Disease center

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Abstract

Background and objectives:

(ESBL) strain is one of the emerging health related problems in the world recently.

Some of the species of the gram-negative bacilli including Klebsiella Pneumonia &

Escherichia Coli are well known ESBL producing among bacteria, and they cause

uncontrollable infections. This Cross-sectional study was designed to asses the

ESBL producing gram negative bacilli among inpatients of Shohada-ye- ashayer

hospital (Khorram Abad).

Extended Spectrum Betalactamase producing

Materials and methods:

methods. ESBL producing gram negative bacilli were screened with MacConkey

Agars containing 4 mg/liter Ceftazidime and confirmed with double disk synergy

method as recommended by national standard laboratory institute.

Samples were processed with routine laboratory

Results:

positive for ESBL.The most isolated species of ESBL are 20 Klebsiella

pneumonia(8.88%), 10 Escherchiia coli(4.44%) and 10 pseudomonas

aeruginosa(4.44%). The most ESBL producing gram-negative bacilli were Isolated

from urine samples (21 cases 39.62%).and Ten cases (18.86%) from bronchoscopy

sterile samples.

Fifty- there cases (23.55%) of 225 total isolated gram negative bacilli are

Conclusion:

frequently isolated from Shohada-ye-Ashaier Hospital. Regarding the high

resistance of these strains against many of the antibiotics and even against

Carbapenems, health- care providers need to plan controlling policies for such

strains.

The Results indicate that ESBL producing gram-negative bacilli are

Key words:

 

Extended Spectrum Betalactamase.

Hospital acquired infection, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae,

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Abstract Background and objectives: Influenza virus is the sixth cause of death in the world. We cannot differentiate it from other respiratory viruses upon clinical signs alone. This study was aimed at determining the frequency of influenza A&B antigen in pharyngeal secretion of children with upper Respiratory Infection (URI). Materials and methods: This cross sectional -descriptive study was done in pediatrics clinic of Rasoul hospital and Shahid Heidari clinic, Tehran (2006-2007). We studied the immunochromatography 149 children aged less than 14 years with URI. Rapid test was performed on pharyngeal samples of all cases. We used independent T test to compare the means of variables. (CI 95%, p<0.05). Results: The Signs of the studied children are fever (58.4%), sore throat (60.4%), coughing, runny nose and hoarseness (45%) and gastric signs (<20%) while in Influenza cases, they are 86.7%, 40% and 40% respectively. Fifteen (10.1%) of the subjects have positive rapid influenza test. The average age of the influenza case is 80 months, which is not significantly different from non-influenza cases. While no under one-year-old child has Positive influenza test, by increasing age the number of positive test is increased. As the frequency in children, aged over 10 is increased to 15.4%. There is significant difference between positive influenza test and signs such as fever, sore throat and previous antibiotic usage (p<0.5). Conclusion: Although this study was not done in epidemic period for influenza, it indicated Influenza as the etiology of 10.6% of URI. Since the cost for prevention and treatment of influenza is high and drug resistance is problematic, we can decrease the URI in non-epidemic period by mass vaccination in children, at least in high-risk cases. Key words: URI (upper respiratory infection), Influenza virus, rapid Immunochromatography Influenza test, Influenza vaccine.

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Abstract Background and objectives: In diabetic patients, infectious disease is one of the most important cause of admission, and sometimes a life threatening condition. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features of infection in the hospitalized diabetic patients. Material and Methods: In This retrospective study, we evaluated the files of 122 diabetic patients aged over 20 years in 2004-2005. According to medical document coding, the data was collected by a checklist and then descriptive statistical analysis performed. Results: The subjects’ age is 57+11.76 years (23-83). The Mean time of diabetes diagnosis is 12.62+9.27 years. Sixty-six of them are male (54.5%).and the rest female. most of them (62.2%) were used oral hypoglycemic drugs on admission. Their median fasting blood sugar was 224mg/dl and 164mg/dl for the first and second measuring, respectively. The etiologies are soft tissue infection and diabetic foot ( 49.3%), sepsis(36%),pneumonia(5.7%),urinary infection(3.2%) and unknown(5.7%). None of diabetic foot patients was given specific education for taking care of their feet. Conclusion: in sixty -five percent of the subjects, fasting blood sugar was not in normal limit. Soft tissue infection and diabetic foot was the most infectious cause of admission. It seems that frequent control of blood sugar and foot- care related education can prevent from the most common cause of hospital admission in these patients. Key words: Diabetes, Clinical manifestations, Infection

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Abstract Background and objectives: A Nosocomial infection is one of the Leading problems causing high mortality among hospitalized patients. This study aimed at confirming the concurrence of Nosocomial infections with microorganisms spreading in the air of hospital wards. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in 2009 at ValieAsr Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The Samples were taken from the air of different sections of the hospital both actively (with Quick-Tak, 30) and passively. After that, the samples were investigated for bacerial and fungal contamination and the results were compared with the results of Laboratory Studies of patients in different wards. Results: The Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) ward shows the least fungal and microbial contamination whiles the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) the highest. The fungi are essentially Cladosporium and penicillium while the most well-Known organisms are Micrococcus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Stenotrophomonas is seen in both blood and air culture in thorax surgery ward. Also, the concurrence of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the samples of the air and patients is considerable. Conclusion: There isn’t concurrence between the Nosocomial caused organism, apart from Stenotrophomonas and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and microorganisms isolated from patients. Because the bacterial and fungal organisms are in the air of Hospital, it is a necessity to install proper ventilation system. Keywords: Air Bacterial Contamination, Hospital, Nosocomial Infection

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Abstract Bachground and objectives: The ability of adherence to the surface of host cell is very critical in the colonization of microbial pathogens. It has been revealed that E. coli strains that infect urinary tracts have different fimbrea such as I, S, FIC, Dr, and fimbrial adhesions. Material and Methods: In this study, 363 urine samples were obtained from patients with urinary tract infections reffered to clinical laboratories in Western areas of Tehran ,2008-2010 by using biochemical tests,200 samples were confirmed to be E.coli.First, DNA was extracted by boiling method and then the presence of fimbria fim, sfa, pap, foc, and afa genes tested by PCR. Results: In 200 samples, the frequency of fimbria fim, sfa, pap, foc, and afa genes are188 (%94 ), 34 (%17), 20 (%10), 61 (%31) and 71 (%35.5), respectively. Conclusion: The resultes show that FIM ans SFA are the most fimbrial genes of E. coli isolated from urine samples .This information can be valuable in etiology of urinary tract infection (UTI), UTI administration, and making of new vaccines. Key words: Urinary tract infection, fimbria, Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)

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Abstract Background and Objective: Parasitic infection is one of the major health problems in the world. This study aimed at comparing the accuracy of two methods of direct examination and Formalin-Ether to detect the presence of parasitic infection among health-card applicants in Shahroud city, 2011. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 801 patients seeking health-card. From each patient, three consecutive stool samples were taken and investigated, using direct examination and formalin-ether method. Results: The use of formalin-ether method in recognizing the parasitic infection specially giardia lamblia and entamobea coli is more than the direct method. Conclusion: The formalin-ether method is a more sensitive method than the direct method. But in circumstances that is urgency to respond or aims to see the shape of trophozoite, the use of direct method is recommended. Keywords: Parasitic Infections Health Card Direct Method Formalin-Ether

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Abstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, nosocomial infection is one of the greatest problems in hospitals. Normal flora of staff’s hands and the bacterial agents on the surface of medical equipment can become progressively colonized with potential pathogens during patient care. This study was carried out to determine the bacterial agents existed on staff’s hands and in the wards of hospital to step in to control nosocomial infection. Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, during 17 months (22.mar.2010- 30.aug.2011), 403 samples, using sterile swab , were randomly obtained from the staff’s hands and medical equipment of emergency departments , ICU, male operation room and female surgical unit . The samples were cultured on Blood agar (BA) and Eosin methylene blue (EMB). Then, identification of isolated bacteria was done with diagnostic tests. Results: Of 430 samples, 530 bacteria were isolated from staff’s hands (N= 291) and medical equipment (N= 234). The most common bacterium from personnel’s hands (144 49.5%) and medical equipment (24 10%) is Staphylococcus aureus. Also, three isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa from staff’s hands of male surgical ward and medical equipment of ICU, and two isolates of Acinetobacter.spp from ICU’s medical equipment were identified. Conclusion: With regard to the findings, it seems that applying the appropriate disinfectant agents by using standard procedures is necessary. Keywords: Medical Equipment Staff’s Hand Nosocomial Infection Staphylococcus Aureus

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Abstract Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections and bacteremia are the major problems in renal transplant patients, which are mostly due to immunesuppressive regimens, surgery, and exposure to the germs in hospital. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial agents in the blood and urine samples of kidney transplant candidates. Material and Methods: In this one-year-long study, thirty-three renal transplant candidates were assessed for urine and blood cultures. One urine and blood samples from each patient before transplantation and three samples after transplantation were collected. The Samples, using standard microbiological methods, were investigated and infectious organisms identified. Results: In 133 urine samples, Escherichia coli (20.5%), Enterobacter spp. (5.3%), Klebsiella spp. (3 %) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.5%) were isolated. In the blood samples, Enterobacter spp. (9.1%), Escherichia coli (6.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.8%) and Klebsiella spp. (0.8%) were isolated. Conclusion: The results indicate that urinary tract infection was high in patients with transplanted kidney, and E. coli is the most common cause of this infection. Keywords: Kidney Transplantation Bacterial infections Urinary Tract and Blood Infections Escherichia Coli

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Abstract Background and Objective: Bacterial infectioins in particular meningitis, pneumonia and septicemia are still some of the most causes of mortalities in children.The aim of present study was to identify the most common bacterial agents causing infectionis in children under 14 and detection of antibiotic resistance paterns. Material and Methods: During two years,1897samples were obtained from the patients suspected bacterial infectioins. They were investigated for bacterial cultures, age, sex and antibiogram patterns. The species were identified by biochemical and serological methods. Results: Of 1897 samples, 563 (29.6%) had positve bacterial culture. Of these 74.7% were gram negative and 25.3% gram positive . The most common species were Escherichia coli(34.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%), Psuedomonas aeroginosa (12.4%), Kelebsiella (11%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.7%). The most effective antibiotics against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria were ceftriaoxne, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, amikacin and gentamycin. Conclusion: The gram negative bacteria in particular Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeroginosa and Kelebsiella are the predominant causes of bacterial infections in children under 14 in these regions. Most species showed a high relative resisitance to routine antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. Key Words: Bacteria Infection Children Antibiotic

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Abstract Background and Objective: Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are the most common infectious disorders, worldwide. About 80%-90% of RTI are caused by four viruses such as Adenoviruses, 51 serotypes have been introduced so far. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the frequency of Adenovirus in respiratory infected patients by PCR method in Golestan province, Iran. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 patients with clinical diagnosis of flu-like respiratory infection, 2010-2012. In addition to collecting demographic and clinical data, nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and transferred to the virology laboratory in viral transport medium (VTM), and evaluated by PCR method for Adenovirus after genomic extraction. Using SPSS v.11 software, we analyzed the data. Results: Thirty-seven (9.2 %) were positive for Adenovirus. No significant correlation was found between being positive for Adenovirus and the variables such as age, gender and season. Clinical signs were coughing (27 73%), body pain (25 67.6%), and fever (24 64.9%). Thirty-five of the patients (94.5%) had at least one symptom. Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with other research conducted in Iran and other countries. There is a significant correlation between Adenovirus infection and clinical symptoms. Keywords: Respiratory Infection, Adenovirus, PCR, Golestan, Iran

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Abstract Background and Objective: Given the importance of having knowledge about intestinal parasitic infections in rehabilitation centers, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the disabled. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 196 stool specimens obtained from four rehabilitation centers in Golestan province, 2009. Triple fecal samples were collected and examined by direct wet Mount, Formalin-ether concentration technique and Trichrome permanent staining (with optical microscope). Results: Of 196 specimens, 24 (12.3 %) had parasitic protozoan infection (5 species) and worm (1 species). The prevalence of intestinal protozoa was 11.8 %, and the highest rate of infection was related to Blastocystishominis (4.2%) and Giardia lamblia (3.1%). The rate of infection was the highest in under 9 and 20-29 years (4.1%) and the lowest in over 40 (0.5%). The prevalence in mentally handicapped was 9.2% and in physically disabled was 2.5%. Conclusion: Due to serious complications of Amoebiasis, Giardiasis and other parasitic infections, it is essential to be careful about personal and social hygiene in these centers. Keywords: Intestinal Parasitic Infections Disabled Rehabilitation Centers Golestan Province.

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Abstract Background and Objective: Stenotrphomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen with high mortality in immunocompromised cases. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Stenotrphomonas maltophilia in the hospitals’ environment and wards. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1108 samples were collected from environment of two hospitals during 12 months. Identification of isolates was performed using biochemical, phenotypic (intrinsic resistance to carbapenems) and molecular methods (amplification of 23S rRNA gene). Results: Of the studied samples, 186 (16.78%) nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) were identified. Amongst NFGNB, 18 (1.62%) isolates were identified as S. maltophiliaby using biochemical tests. Of 18 biochemically identified isolates, 15 (83.3%) were confirmed via PCR. Sinks (40%) and men surgery ward ( 33.3 %( were the most contaminated sites and wards of hospitals, respectively. Conclusion: S. maltophilia is repeatedly isolated from sink which shows that the moist hospital environments need to be considered as a source for dissemination of bacteria. Keywords: Nosocomial Infections, Nonfermentative Gram Negative, Stenotrphomonas Maltophilia, PCR

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Abstract Background and Objective: The Outbreak of human parasitic diseases associated with the consumption of raw vegetables often occurs in both developing and developed countries. This study aimed to evaluate parasitic contamination of edible vegetables in Golestan Province. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the cities of Golestan Province for six months, 2012. The samples (N = 100) were randomly chosen among different vegetables (parsley, lettuce, radish, and cress), and examined for the presence of helminthic and protozoan parasitic contaminations following washing, centrifuging and sedimentation. Results: Thirty-seven (37%) were found to have parasitic contamination, and of these 30 (81.1%) and 7 (18.9%) were helminths and protozoa, respectively. The highest rate of contamination was detected in parsley (37.9%), and the lowest in radish (12.0%). Moreover, free living larva with 58.6% and Hymenolepis nana ova with 5.1% were the highest and lowest contaminated rates, respectively. Conclusion: Based on our results, consumed vegetables in Golestan Province is considered as a potential risk for some human parasitic infections. Keywords: Vegetable, Parasite, Parasitic Infections, Golestan Province

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Background and Objective: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), one of the most common opportunistic pathogens in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), can cause the diseases such as encephalitis, pneumonia, and chorioretinitis. This study aimed at molecular studying of CMV infection in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Material and Methods: In this study, 50 venous blood samples from HIV-infected individuals were taken. Patients were divided into two categories: patients under treatment with and without antiretroviral drugs. Plasma were separated from blood samples and examined for the presence of cytomegalovirus genome by PCR. Material and Methods: this study was conducted on 50 blood samples from HIV-infected individuals, and plasma was separated and examined for the presence of cytomegalovirus genome by PCR. Patients were divided into two group of under treatment with and without antiretroviral drugs. Results: Of 50, 28 (% 56) were men and 22 (% 44) were women. CMV genome was identified in 8 samples (16%), and the molecular prevalence of CMV infection was 21.4% (n= 6) in males and 9.1% (n = 2) in females. Conclusion: Given the frequency of Cytomegalovirus Active Infection in HIV-infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy, we should be careful about the treatment of Cytomegalovirus Active Infection. Keywords: Active Infection, Cytomegalovirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Shiraz, PCR

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Abstract Background and Objective: Escherichia coli, one of the most common causative agents of urinary tract infections (UTIs) acquired from community and hospital, has developed multiple resistances to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides. The main resistance mechanism to aminoglycosides is inactivation of these drugs by a variety of acetyltransferase, nucleotidyltransferase, and phosphotransferase enzymes. this study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance to some important aminoglycosides as well as the distribution of aph(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa and ant(2)-Ia genes among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from patients suffering UTIs. Material and Methods: Using the disk diffusion method, the antimicrobial susceptibility of 200 uropathogenic E. coli isolates collected from outpatients and inpatients was investigated to nine antibiotics. Then, the distribution of aac (3)-IIa, aph (3)-IA and ant (2)-IA genes was determined by PCR method. Results: Thirty-nine percent of E.coli isolates obtained from inpatients (n=100) and 19% of those from outpatient (n=100) demonstrated resistance to at least one of the tested aminoglycosides ‌ (i.e. 58 isolates). Among the isolates examined (n=200), 19.5%, 13%, 7.5% and 4.5% were resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin and amikacin, respectively. The most prevalent gene among the strains resistance to at least one of the aminoglycosides (n=58) was aac (3)-IIa (65.5%), followed by aph (3)-IA (25.8%). Also, the ant (2)-IA gene was not seen in any isolates. Conclusion: The presence of aac (3)-IIa gene is significantly associated with gentamicin resistance (100%, p<0.05). Because of relatively high distribution of the aac (3)-IIa gene among uropathogenic E.coli, the use of aminoglycosides such as amikacin to treat UTI in clinical setting is recommended. Keywords: Escherichia Coli, Urinary Tract Infections, Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes (AMEs)

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Abstract Background and Objective: Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection causing ulcers, diabetic foot and enhance nail infection. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of onychomycosis in type II diabetes. Material and methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 300 diabetic patients selected randomly among those referred to Panje Azar endocrinology clinic. They were examined for peripheral vascular disease, Skin lesions, diabetic foot and Peripheral neuropathy. The Laboratory tests such as FBS, HbA1c, Direct smear and fungal culture were used. Results: The patients with onychomycosis were 19 (6.3%) their mean age was 53.65±1.04 the youngest was 28 and the oldest 84. The male to female infection ratio was of 1.08 that was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in regards to ethnicity, age, BMI, FBS, HbA1C. The location of the infection was 16 on feet (29.6%), and three on both hands and feet (P = 0.000) Conclusion: The prevalence of fungal infection was less frequent than that of other studies. Given that there was no significant relationship between different demographic data and its prevalence, further studies with larger sample size are needed. Keywords: Prevalence, Fungal Infections, Diabetes

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Abstract Background and Objective: Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a plant pathogen that is an important mortality factor in immune-compromised and hospitalized patients. We aimed to Isolate and Characterize the Burkholderia Cepacia Strains from Hospitalized Patients in the Hospitals of West Guilan Province. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 90 saliva and blood samples obtained from patients with blood infection, pneumonia, asthma, patients connected to the monitoring and ventilator systems, and immune-compromised patients in different sections of hospitals such as the pediatrics, internal section, ICU and CCU. Primary screening was performed by cultivating the samples on Burkholderia cepacia selective agar (BCSA) Sensitivity to antibiotics was tested by Kirby-Bauer and Muller-Hinton Agar (MHA) and the separated isolations were recognized by strengthening the gene rec A. Results: Of 90 isolated samples, only one strain suspected B. cepacia was isolated from 24-year old women with asthma. This strain was resistant to bacitracin, pipracillin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. Conclusion: The incidence of B. cepacia is rare in western part of Guilan province, which is congruent with the results of overall incidence in Iran.

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Abstract Background and Objective: Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in children and the leading cause of intra-abdominal infections (peritonitis and abscess) followed intestinal injuries. Urinary tract infection, including cystitis and pyelonephritis, is a common childhood infection. E. coli causes more than 90 percent of the community acquired and 50% of hospital acquired urinary tract infections therefore, the determination of E. coli antibiotic susceptibility is a paramount importance to clinical and epidemiological purposes. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 E. coli strains isolated from urine samples of children less than 7 years of age with urinary tract infections. They were compared for drug susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method with 50 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from stool samples of healthy children with the same age and sex pattern. Results: The actual amount of drug sensitivity of uropathogenic and intestinal Escherichia coli strains to amikacin was 94 and 100%, nitrofurantoin 90 and 88%, gentamicin 66 and 94%, cefixime 56 and 60%, nalidixic acid 38 and 44% and to cotrimoxazole 28 and 32%, respectively. Conclusion: the rate of resistance to gentamicin, Cefixime and nalidixic acid in urinary tract infection isolates were more than intestinal strains. The highest rate of drug resistance in urinary Escherichia coli isolates was associated with cotrimoxazole and the lowest one with amikacin. Keywords: Escherichia Coli, Intra-Abdominal Infection, Drug Resistance, Urinary Tract Infection, Children

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Abstract Background and Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen causing a variety of infections including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, septicemia, wound infections and infections in the intensive care units. Since the ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are increasingly causing urinary tract infections, we aim to assess antibiotic resistance pattern and evaluate the prevalence of ESBL in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections. Material and Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains collected from Zahedan hospitals. After final identification of isolates, antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by using disk diffusion in agar method for 16 antibiotics and ESBL production was determined by the combined disk method. Results: The Klebsiella pneumoniae strains showed susceptibility to imipenem and amikacin ( 94.3%) ,chloramphenicol (88.5%) , gentamicin (81.1%) , ciprofloxacin (80.3%) , cefepime (73%) ,streptomycin (72.1%), nalidixic acid (68%) , tetracycline (65.6%), and cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime (62.3%) . The resistance of strains was seen to nitrofurantoin (53.3%), cotrimoxazole (39.3%), Cefpodoxime (37.7%), cefotaxime (36.9%), ceftriaxone (36.1%), aztreonam (34.4%), ceftazidime (32.8%). Thirty-eight isolates (31.1%) were shown to produce ESBLs. Conclusion: A high rate of resistance was observed to most of the antibiotics among ESBL producing strains therefore, it is important to be careful about the use of antibiotics and identification of ESBL using phenotypic methods. Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases,KlebsiellaPneumoniae, Urinary Tract Infection, Isolate