Showing 9 results for Enterococcus
H Samadikafil, M Mohebatimobarez, M Forouzandehmoghadam,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Enterococci are Gram-positive members of human gastrointestinal flora,in Dairy products and environment. they have emerged as important causes of opportunistic nosocomial infections in recent years. In this study we aimed to investigat and compare the efficiency of MALDI-TOFmass spectroscopy method through Biochemical and Molecular methods for detecting Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.
Materials and Methods:seventhy five clinical samples were collected for biochemical, molecular and mass spectroscopy investigations. Samples were treated with Esculin hydrolysis, Catalase, Pyrrolidonylaminopeptidase, 6.5% NaCl solution, motility, 0.04% Tellurite, L-Arabinose and Sorbitol. Using specific primesallele specific PCR was used.The samples were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and Biotyper 3 software.
Results:Enterococcus faecium andEnterococcus faecaliswere detected in thirty and forty two samples, respectively whereas three samples showed both bacterial infections. Using biochemical analysis, two E.faecium isolates were Arabinose negative and one E. faecalis isolates was Telliurite negative. All sampleswere showed correct bands in PCR results but twoof them didn't show clear bands(on agarose gel). In mass spectroscopy analysis all strains were correctly detected and well defined.
Conclusion: According to our results, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in comparison with Molecular and Biochemical Methodscould be a reliable and accurate method that can easily and quickly identify and differentiate Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalisin clinical samples.
Key words:Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, MALDI-TOFmass spectrometry,PCR
A Shariati, Hr Pordeli, Me Tajari, E Yazarloo, S Kaghazloo, N Ebrahimi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Understanding the resistance patterns of bacteria and their sensitivity and attempting to find new compounds with broad effective spectrum would be significant in controlling infection. This study aimed at evaluating antibacterial potential of three honey samples produced in Golestan province, Iran, against Enterococcus faecalis strains.
Material and Methods: After the isolation and identification of bacterial strains, their antibiotic resistance was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. Then, seven isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with multidrug-resistance were selected and antibacterial activities of honey samples assessed by disk-diffusion, well-diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC).
Results: The highest diameter of inhibition zone in disk-diffusion and well diffusion methods is 20 mm and 26 mm, respectively. Also the MIC is measured 62.5 mg.ml for all samples.
Conclusion: In prohibiting microbial growth, all three samples were successful and they could prevent growing bacterial infection in spite of remarkable resistance of Entrococcus. Hence, further research should be conducted to assess the effects of honey samples against other bacteria.
Keywords: Multidrug-Resistance Enterococcus spp Honey Golestan Province
Shokoohi Zade, L, Mohabbati Mobarez, A, Alebooye, M, Ranjbar, R, Zali, Mr,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: some of predisposing factors for enterococci colonization are hospitalization in ICU, prolonged use of antibiotics and continued bed rest in hospital. In this study antibiotic resistance of enterococcus in hospitalized patients of four hospitals in Tehran were studied. Material and Methods: the Clinical samples were taken from patients admitted to the ICU, from September 2011 to April 2012. Enterococci isolates were confirmed by biochemical tests, and Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus species by species-specific ddl genes. The disk diffusion and micro agar dilution susceptibility tests were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: of 41 isolates in ICUs, 22 (5.52%) were E. faecium and 19 (5.47%) were E. faecalis. Most of E. faecium was isolated from urine and E. faecalis from trachea specimens. The rate of resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin in E. faecium isolates was more than that of E. faecalis and the rate of resistance to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was the same in both of them. MIC50 in vancomycin and ampicillin resistant E. faecium isolates was greater than 256 microgram and the MIC50 in gentamicin resistant isolates was more than 1024 microgram. . Conclusion: The presence of multi-resistant E. faecium strains in ICUs can be a serious warning for physicians and patients. Key words: Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, ICU, Antibiotic Resistance
Sadeghian, M, Habibipour, R, Asghar Seif,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Due to the unique absorption and antibacterial properties of nanoparticles, their use in water and wastewater treatment to remove bacteria is spreading. This research aimed to study the effect of silver nanoparticles in the removal of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from industrial sewage.
Material and Methods: after preliminary studies, field studies including sampling of industrial wastewater was conducted. First, Fecal Coliform, total coliform and Enterococcus faecalis of industrial Sewage were measured by standard methods of microbiology, then the effect of concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.62, 7.81, and 3. 9 PPM of isolated nanoparticles serial dilution method on Enterococcus faecalis and standard (PTCC 1339) was determined. Next, and the turbidity of tube (OD), which represents growth of bacteria, was read at 600 nm with a spectrophotometer. After that, all tubes were cultured on solid medium and the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.
Results: fecal and total coliform contamination of industrial Sewage from slaughter and textile plant were approved and Enterococcus faecalis was isolated. The growth of isolates and standard bacteria was not controlled by any of these concentrations. None of the concentrations was able to remove the bacteria but the increase of concentration led to higher effect of nanoparticles, and in accordance with the type of bacteria, it was different, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Although silver nanoparticles ,according to the concentration, affect the Streptococcus faecalis, they cannot completely remove bacteria. Therefore, the economic factors and other involved factors need to be considered in the application of nanoparticles.
Keyword: Silver nanoparticles, Enterococcus faecalis, industrial Sewage
Razaz Rahmati, N, Mohabati Mobarez, A, Khoram Abadi, N, Sharifzade Peyvasti, V, Shokoohizade, L,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are the leading nosocomial pathogens in Iran. We aimed at evaluating the resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci to the antibiotics recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Material and Methods: Two-hundred forty Staphylococcus aureus and 203 Enterococcus isolated from urine, wound, blood, trachea, stool and other clinical specimens of inpatients and outpatients were obtain from some hospitals in Tehran. Sensitivity of S. aureus to oxacillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin, clindamycin and linezolid were determined by disk diffusion according to CLSI (M100-S22) guidelines. Likewise, sensitivity of enterococci to ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, tigecycline, linezolid, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin was invesditated by the same method.
Results: Of 240 S. aureus isolates, 56%, 46.6% and 40.4%were resistant to oxacillin, erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. We found one S. aureus isolate with low susceptibility to vancomycin (VISA; 0.5%). All S. aureus isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin and linezolid. Of 203 Enterococcus spp., 47.3%, 24.6%, 9.4%, 85.2%, 11.3% and 4.4% were resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin, respectively. All these isolates were sensitivity to tigecycline and linezolid.
Conclusion: Resistance of S. aureus isolates to oxacillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was significant. Enterococci isolates were remarkably resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Given our results, we suggest vancomycin, chloramphenicol, linezolid and nitrofurantoin for S. aureus infections and tigecycline and linezolid as drugs of choice for enterocoocal infections treatment.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Tehran, Hospitals
Shaghayegh Nikpour Moghadam , Shokoufeh Nikpour Moghadam ,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Enterococci are relatively nonvirulent bacteria that rarely cause disease. Antimicrobial treatment of Enterococci is often challenging due to their antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of garlic against Enterococcal isolates.
Methods: In this descriptive study, 120 Enterococcus isolates including 70 multidrug-resistant isolates were collected from hospitals of Babol, Iran. Isolates’ susceptibility to different antibiotics and the antibacterial activity of garlic extract were assessed using methods of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurement. The experiments were performed according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, using Tryptic soy broth medium and disc diffusion method.
Results: Among the 120 Enterococcal isolates, 95 (79.2%) and 25 isolates (20.8%) were E. faecalis and E. faecium, respectively. Of the all Enterococcal isolates, the highest resistance was to erythromycin (95.8%), tetracycline (88.3%) and ampicillin (65.8%). While, the minimal level of resistance was to chloramphenicol (6.8%), vancomycin (20%) and ciprofloxacin (25%). Also, 53.3% of Enterococcal isolates showed simultaneous resistance to at least three antibiotics (tetracycline, erythromycin and ampicillin). Such resistance in E. faecium isolates was higher compared to E.faecalis (68% vs. 55.7%). The range of antibacterial activity of garlic extract against isolated Enterococci was determined by growth inhibition zone of 16.8 ± 1.8 mm and MIC of between 4 to 32 mg/ml.
Conclusion: This study indicates the clear anti-enterococcal effect of aqueous extract of garlic and confirms the use of garlic in treatments by medicinal plants.
Leila Fozouni, Hamideh Askari, Hamid Reza Pordeli,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (7-2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Enterococcus faecalis is a major cause of bacterial prostatitis, which can increase the risk of developing prostate cancer if mistreated or left untreated. The aim of this study was to evaluate resistance of
E. faecalis strains isolated from patients with prostatitis to three
fluoroquinolones.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected urine specimen from 164 patients hospitalized in six hospitals in the Golestan Province, Iran. Biochemical and bacteriological tests were carried out to identify
E. faecalis strains. Pattern of resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and norfloxacin was studied using the agar disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer method). The broth microdilution test was performed to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluoroquinolones according to the CLSI
M100-S25 (2015) criteria.
Results: Of 164 isolates, 39 (23.8%) were identified as
E. faecalis. Frequency of resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and levofloxacin was 12.8%, 12.8% and 2.6%, respectively. The MIC
90 of ciprofloxacin against the isolates was
4 μg/ml, which was 4-fold lower than that of norfloxacin
(MIC90=16μg/ml) and 2-fold lower than that of levofloxacin (MIC
90=8μg/ml). We found no significant difference between the isolates in terms of resistant to the fluoroquinolones (P>0.01).
Conclusion: Our results show that
E. faecalis is one of the most common causes of bacterial prostatitis, and fluoroquinolones are still effective for treating the infection despite the reports of fluoroquinolones resistance in Iran. Moreover, levofloxacin may be a more suitable and effective antibiotic than ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin for treatment of this infection.
Keywords:
Enterococcus faecalis, Prostatitis, Drug Resistance, Iran.
Mobina Hosseini, Meysam Hasannejad-Bibalan, Tofigh Yaghoubi, Mohammadreza Mobayen, Parisa Khoshdoz, Sara Khoshdoz, Niloofar Faraji, Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Bacterial contamination of wounds is a serious problem, particularly in burn patients. Gram-positive bacteria are the predominant cause of infection in newly hospitalized burn cases. This study aimed to survey the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of gram-positive bacterial isolates among burn patients in Rasht, North of Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on burn patients with a positive culture for gram-positive isolates who were hospitalized in the Velayat Burn Center in Rasht, North of Iran, during 2017-2020. The isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods. Moreover, the antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by the disk diffusion method.
Results: During the study period, 671 bacterial cultures were obtained, of which a total of 16 gram-positive isolates were taken from the patients. The frequency of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus spp. was 68.7%, 18.8%, and 12.5%, respectively. In addition, the highest rate of resistance in CoNS isolates was against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The highest rate of resistant among S. aureus isolates was recorded against penicillin. Moreover, Enterococcus faecalis isolates showed a high level of resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin. Moreover, the frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates was 66.7%.
Conclusion: Given the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains, especially in susceptible burn patients, it is imperative to analyze the bacterial etiology of nosocomial infections periodically and epidemiologically.
Fatemeh Ahamdi, Elham Siasi Torbati, Kumarss Amini,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Enterococcus faecium is a normal flora of gut microbiota. This opportunistic pathogen has attracted much attention due to its multidrug resistance and ability to survive in hostile environments. Various molecular typing methods such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis or ribotyping have been developed for clinical and epidemiological investigation of these bacteria. However, these methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The present study was conducted to evaluate the discriminatory power of two common fingerprinting methods i.e. BOX-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR for E. faecium clinical isolates.
Methods: Fifty multidrug-resistant E. faecium isolates were isolated from 74 clinical specimens. The isolates were identified by specific 16S rRNA PCR. All isolates were fingerprinted using BOX-PCR and ERIC PCR. The discriminatory power and reproducibility of these two methods were also assessed.
Results: According to the dendrogram with >60% similarity, 17 different genotypes were observed using ERIC PCR. In addition, BOX-PCR produced 22 distinct patterns at a genetic distance percentage of 60%, with sizes ranging from 278 bp to 1450 bp. The discrimination index of BOX-PCR was higher than that of ERIC-PCR.
Conclusion: We concluded that a combination of ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR may be a quicker and more reliable alternative for the discrimination of E. faecium clinical isolates.
