Showing 5 results for Drug Resistant
Livani S, Mirinargesi M, Nemati-Shoja E, Rafiei S, Taziki M, Tabarraei A, ,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Identification and monitoring of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (MDR) is highlighted by the high risk of their spreading in different areas. Prevalence of these strains was evaluated in Golestan province in northeast of Iran. Material and Methods: Drug susceptibility testing to Isoniazid and rifampin was carried out for 148 clinical samples that had grown in Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) system, according to the manufacturer's instructions (Becton-Dickinson, USA). The association of drug resistance frequency with demographic characteristics and growth time were investigated. The appropriate statistical tests, X2 and student T- test were performed for comparison of these variants. A p value>0.05 was considered significant in all cases. Results: The turnaround time required for growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in MGIT system was between 2 to 55 days (mean 16.3±10.4 days). Of all samples studied, 17.6% and 3.4% were resistant to Isoniazid and rifampin, respectively, and 3.4% (5 samples) were MDR (CI 95% 1-6%). The turnaround time required for determining MDR cases was 9.6 days. No statistically significant association was found between the resistance to the drugs and none of the factors including sex, age, type of clinical sample, and positivity of the smear. Conclusion: The prevalence of MDR in the studied region was determined to be 3.4% which is similar to the country-wide evaluations. The turnaround time for Mycobacterium growth and anti drug susceptibility result can be shortened by MGIT method. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube, Multidrug Resistant
Khoshkhoutabar, T, Zand, S, Abtahi, H., Rafiei, M,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Group B streptococcus is one of the agents leading to infantile blood infection and meningitis as well as aggressive infections in pregnant women. The vast use of antibiotics in order to prevent from the diseases caused by this bacterium has led to some concerns about the emergence of drug resistance in Group B streptococcus. Thus, we aimed to investigate Group B streptococcus drug resistance patterns to aid appropriate drug prescriptions. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 268 pregnant women. Having been transferred to Todd Hewitt broth, the samples were cultured on blood agar and the identity of Group B streptococcus was confirmed through biochemical tests (gram stain tests, the catalase test, CAMP, and sodium hippurate hydrolysis). Results: Of 268 samples, 14 (5.2 percent) showed positive Group B streptococcus culture. All cases (100 percent) were resistant to penicillin, eight (57.15 percent) to erythromycin, 13 (92.2 percent) to clindamycin, three (7.1 percent) to Cefazolin, seven (50 percent) Ceftizoxime and four (28.57 percent) were resistant to Cefotaxime. Three (21.4 percent) were semi-sensitive toward Cefazolin. No resistance was observed toward ampicillin or Vancomycin. Conclusion: The rate of B streptococcus drug resistance to various antibiotics has increased in Iran. Keywords: Streptococcus Group B, Drug Resistant, Pregnant Women, Markazi Province
H Bagheri, F Najafi, N Behnampour, Ea Ghaemi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objective: The periodic evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different antibiotic is essential because antibiotic sensitivity pattern may also changed during short courses. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of Multi-drug Resistance (MDR) in Gram negative uropathogens.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 111 gram negative uropathogens using standard microbiology methods in Gorgan, 2011-2012. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods (DDM).
Results: the most common isolates were klebsiella ( 40.5%) , Enterobacter (26.1%) , pseudomonas (13.5%) , proteus( 6.3%) , acinetobacter (1.8% ) and other gram negative bacteria ( 18.3%) .The highest antibiotic resistance was seen to clindamycin (99.1%), and the most sensitivity to Carbapenems (94.6%).Multi drug resistant was seen in 68.5% of isolates. In inpatients, all of the citrobacter species had resistant to multi drugs simultaneously.
Conclusion:a high frequency of multi drug resistant in uropathogens is observed in both inpatients and outpatients.
Keywords: Multi Drug Resistant, Gram Negative Bacteria, Urinary Tract Infection
Behshood, P, Karbasizade, V, Naghavi, Ns,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen involved in nosocomial infections. Because of increasing antibiotic resistance of these strains, treatment of these infections has become very difficult. This study aimed to determine the frequency and drug resistance pattern of MRSA isolates from nosocomial infections in hospitals.
Material and Methods: the isolates of S.aureus (n= 100) isolated from clinical samples such as: urine, blood, wound, throat, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, catheter and other purulent discharge from in patients were identified using biochemical tests. MRSA strains were isolated by using agar screening method and then drug resistance pattern of them was determined by disk diffusion method.
Results: Out of 100 S.aureus strains, 65 (65%) were MRSA. Drug resistance of MRSA isolates to most antibiotics were high: penicillin100%, oxacillin 100%, nitrofurantoin 80%, tetracycline 63%, erythromycin 58.4%, gentamicin 46.1%, clindamycin 33.8%, cotrimoxazole 35.3% and ciprofloxacin 26.1%. Also 35 of MRSA isolates were multiple drug resistance (MDR).
Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA isolates and also their resistance to other antibiotics were high.
Keywords: Drug Resistance, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Multi-Drug Resistant
Seyed Amin Enayatzadeh Meymandi, Laleh Babaeekhou, Maryam Ghane,
Volume 13, Issue 5 (9-2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains could complicate antipseudomonal chemotherapy. Dissemination of resistance genes, such as β-lactamases encoding genes by horizontal gene transfer can lead to development of multi-drug resistance in P. aeruginosa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the latest resistance patterns in MDR and XDR strains and evaluate Ambler class A β-lactamase gene distribution in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.
Methods: One hundred molecularly and biochemically identified P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different clinical specimens were tested for sensitivity to 17 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. PCR was performed to detect bla TEM-1, bla SHV-1, bla REP-1 and bla VEB-1 genes. Results were analyzed using SPSS and NTSYSpc softwares.
Results: Based on the results of antibiogram, the highest rate of resistance was observed against amikacin (100%), aztreonam (83%), ceftazidime (55%), cefepime (55%) and netilmicin (48%). In addition, the frequency of MDR and XDR isolates was 95% and 5%, respectively. The blaSHV-1, bla TEM-1, bla PER-1 and bla VEB-1 genes were detected in 31%, 24%, 13% and 10% of the isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and frequency of β-lactamase genes were relatively high in the study area. We also found that a significant proportion of XDR strains with different antibiotic resistance profile is isolated from tracheal specimens.
KEYWORDS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Beta-Lactamase, Multidrug Resistant, Extensively Drug Resistant.
