Showing 22 results for Diabetes Mellitus
Dr Balu Mahendran Kanumuru, Dr Sridevi Nutakki,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Type2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is non communicable disease including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and low grade chronic inflammation associated with various micro and macro vascular complications .
Objectives: The present study aimed to estimate the Vitamin D , total antioxidant capacity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in T2DM patients compared with healthy volunteers, further to find out vitamin D association between HbA1c, total antioxidant capacity , MDA, lipid profile levels
Materials and methods: Seventy type 2 diabetic patients with age group of 35 to 50 years were selected and 70 healthy age matched subjects were selected as controls. Serum Vitamin D and Insulin was estimated by ELISA, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was assessed by HPLC method and other routine lipid profile investigations carried out by Beckman Coulter fully automated analyzer.
Results: Vitamin D levels were significantly decreased in type 2 diabetic patients. HbA1C and insulin resistance values are significantly increased in type 2 diabetic patients. Vitamin D levels Negatively correlated with MDA, insulin resistance , HbA1c and positively correlated with total antioxidant capacity . But there is no significant correlative changes observed between lipid profile parameters.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be one of the vital risk factor responsible for increased oxidative stress in T2DM patients. Regular monitoring and supplementation of vitamin D beneficial for reduction of oxidative stress and vascular complications in T2DM patients.
Habibeh Sadat Mosavi, Mohammad Taher Hojjati, Khodaberdi Kalavi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (7-2024)
Abstract
Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, disturbed lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Worsening of glycemic control resulting in lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities suggests that dyslipidemia is secondary to insulin resistance or factors closely related to insulin resistance. Glaciated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a routinely used marker for long-term glycemic control and is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically is a process called post translational glycosylation that reflects the amount of plasma glucose concentration during the recent 2-3 months.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study blood collection was done from 598 cases who attended … the laboratory. In two groups categorized of DM and non-DM cases, HbA1c and total cholesterol (T-chol), TG, LDL-C, and HDL-c were determined.
Results:
There was significant association between HbA1c and lipid profiles of DM patients.
Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, HbA1c could be used as a viable marker of lipid and glycemic control in diabetics.
N Puramini, A Movahedian, S Bordbar-Bonab, E Fattahi, A Mirza-Aghazadeh, A Bahrami, Sh Fattahi, H Dolatkhah,
Volume 8, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Recently, diabetes mellitus has been known as one of the main cause of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Since a high prevalence of H. Pylori in diabetic patients has been reported, we aimed to evaluate the level of gastric juice Nitric Oxide (NO°), Oxidative Stress and Glycated Hemoglobin. Material and Methods: In case group, the participants were 60 diabetic patients infected with H. Pylori, and in control groups 60 diabetic patients without H. Pylori and 60 healthy individuals. The level of NO° in gastric juice was measured calorimetrically and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in gastric biopsy was determined using standard methods. The percentage of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) was measured by ion exchange chromatography. Results: In case group compared to controls, significantly increased level of blood HbA1C, nitric oxide in gastric juice, activity of SOD and GPX in the gastric mucosa were observed (p<0.0001). Conclusion: A significant increase of glycated hemoglobin in diabetic patients with H. Pylori and high activity of antioxidant enzymes in the case group may indicate a high production of reactive oxygen species and the presence of oxidative stress in these patients. Key Words: Diabetes Mellitus, H. Pylori Infection, Glycated Hb, Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress
Ebrahimzad, Mousavi Moh, Jamshidi Ali, Mohammadzadeh Rostami F (msc),
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in diabetic patients. Candida albicans is colonized on different oral surfaces such as tongue, palate, dental caries and plaques. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Candida albicans in the mouth of diabetic patient.
Material and Methods: This cross - sectional study was conducted on 120 diabetic patients. After completing the questionnaire, the saliva samples were obtained and cultured on sabouraud agar medium containing 0.005% chloramphenicol. For final diagnosis, Germ tube test and Sugar absorption test (with API 120 kit) were used.
Results: Of 120 patients, 61 (50.8%) were positive for Candida. Candida infection rate was relatively higher in older patients and in women. The rate was significant in the patients using dentures (P< 0.001) and the ones keeping on smoking (P <0.038). The infection in the patients with type II diabetes was higher than the cases with Type I.
Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of Candidiasis and Candida colonization in the mouth of diabetic patients, it is a necessity to identify and treat these infections in order to prevent further complications.
Keywords: Candidiasis, Diabetes Mellitus, Fungal Infections
Arash Khaki ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: According to Iranian, Asian, Indian, and Chinese traditional medicine, basil is used in the treatment of different diseases. In this study, the effect of basil on lowering the blood glucose was examined in healthy and diabetic rats.
Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were divided into a control group(n=10), a basil receiving group (n=20) and a diabetic group (n=30)(60 mg/kg Streptozotocin- Intraperitoneal injection) and the rats in each group received basil orally in pairs. Forty-eight hours after injection of streptozotocin, 2 and 4 mg/kg doses of basil were prescribed orally for the diabetic group daily for 45 days. in end of study for record serum testosterone ,5 cc blood was sampled from each rat.
Results: There was a significant correlation between the oral administration of 2 and 4 mg/kg doses of basil and reduced blood glucose level and testosterone changes in the diabetic groups (P<0.05). Twenty-four hours after the first administration, basil caused a significant decrease in the blood glucose level and this effects continued for 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. In contrast, basil had no hypoglycemic effect in the healthy rats.
Conclusion: The results indicated that 2 and 4 mg/kg doses of basil had significant hypoglycemic effects on the diabetic groups and compensated for the testosterone level in diabetic rats, but had no effect on the healthy rats.
Keywords: Streptozotocin, Testosterone, Ocimum basiilicum, Diabetes Mellitus.
Marjan Vahedi, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetes induced oxidative stress plays an important role in pathological damage to the heart and liver by increased production of extracellular matrix. It is thought that the use of medicinal plants, particularly Portulaca oleracea. L and regular exercise are effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Portulaca oleracea. L consumption along with resistance training on cathepsin S, cystatin C and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 28 female type 2 diabetes patients with a mean age of 52 were randomly devided into 4 groups of control, exercise, supplement and supplement-exercise. Portulaca oleracea. L supplement was cosumed 7.5 g per day. Resistance training program was performed with a rubber band for 8 weeks, 3 days a week for 60 minutes with40-50% intensity, up to a maximum repetition. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last intervention.
Results: After eight weeks, cathepsin S, cystatin C and CRP levels in the supplementation and supplementaion-exercise group were significantly reduced (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between the groups.
Conclusion: Portulaca oleracea. L consumption and resistance training have each separate positive impacts on the cathepsin S, cystatin C and CRP levels, but the simultanous effect of Portulaca oleracea. L seed consumption and physical activity can lead to a better efficiency.
Keywords: Portulaca oleracea, resistance training, cathepsin S, cystatin C, C-reactive protein, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Mohammadzadeh, Ghorban , Fatemeh Karimpour, Mohammad Ali Ghaffari, Alireza Kheirollah, Azadeh Saki,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (11-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism is associated with changes in lipid profile and may be a risk factor for CAD in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CETP TaqIB polymorphism with CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this case-control study, 292 diabetic patients were divided into two groups based on angiography reports (150 participants with normal angiogram as the control group and 142 participants with more than 50% stenosis of at least one coronary artery as the case group). The CETP TaqIB genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP analysis. Fasting blood glucose was measured using glucose oxidase and lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) by an enzymatic method.
Results: There was no significant difference in the frequency of genotypes and alleles between the case group and controls (the control group: B1B1, 17.3%; B1B2, 63.3%; and B2B2, 19.3%; the case group: B1B1, 18.3%; B1B2, 64.1%; and B2B2, 17.6%) (P=0.92). In the control group, heterozygous participants (genotype B1B2) had higher levels of cholesterol compared with other genotypes (B1B1 and B2B2). Also, the patients with genotype B1B2 had significantly higher weight (P=0.013).
Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between CETP TaqIB polymorphism and the increased risk of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein, Polymorphism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Coronary Artery Disease
Mohammad Taha Jalali, Hajie Bibi Shahbazian , Mohammad Reza Afsharmanesh , Rohollah Mousavi Dehmordi , Azadeh Saki ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: The current challenge of diabetes mellitus is to prevent its complications. These complications are directly associated with hyperglycemia in diabetics. The HbA1c measurement is essential for long-term glycemic control. Synchronization of HbA1c measurement is important in order to avoid discrepancies between results reported by laboratories. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, precision and agreement of five HbA1c measurement methods with HPLC reference method.
Methods: HbA1c levels of 55 samples were measured using six methods of microcapillary electrophoresis (Sepia), enzymatic method (Pishtaz Teb), immunoturbidometry (Pars Azmoon), boronate affinity (Nycocard), immunofluorescence (ichroma) and Tosoh G8 HPLC.
Results: The five tested methods showed a good agreement with the HPLC method with correlation coefficient of less than 95%. Regression testing of HPLC method and other methods showed slope of 0.99 (P<0.05) for Sebia, 1.02 (P<0.05) for Pishtaz Teb, 0.79 (P<0.05) for Pars Azmoon, 0.82 (P<0.05) for Nycocard and 0.89 (P<0.05) for ichroma. Average inaccuracy for the Sebia, Pishtaz Teb, Pars Azmoon, Nycocard and ichroma in comparison with the HPLC reference method were -0.09, -0.004, -0.75, -0.79 and -0.78, respectively.
Conclusion: The Sebia microcapillary method and Pishtaz teb enzymatic method have appropriate accuracy and precision. Therefore, these methods can be used as alternatives to the HPLC method for HbA1c measurement. Other methods such as Pars Azmoon, Nycocard and ichroma have significant shortcomings in terms of accuracy.
Ma Ghaffari , Gh Mohammadzadeh , M Rezazadeh , H Rashidi ,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (5-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Vitamins C and E are the two main antioxidants involved in prevention of type 2 diabetes, by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamins C and E supplementation independently, on serum levels of insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and resistin in people with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this study, 38 patients with type 2 diabetes (17 men and 21 women) received 1,000 mg/day vitamin C, and 40 patients with type 2 diabetes (21 men and 19 women) received 400 IU/day vitamin E orally. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured using enzymatic method. Hs-CRP was measured by immunoturbidimetric method, and serum insulin and resistin levels were measured by ELISA.
Results: total cholesterol, triglycerides, hs-CRP, insulin and resistin significantly were reduced after vitamin C supplementation (P<0.001). Moreover, the level of total cholesterol (P =0.018), low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and hs-CRP significantly changed after vitamin E supplementation (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The daily intake of 1,000 mg of vitamin C and 400 IU of vitamin E may be useful in reducing diabetic complications by decreasing serum levels of hs-CRP and lipid profile in people with type 2 diabetes.
Seyyed Manuchehr Nourazarian , Mojtaba Ghaffarian , Homayun Dolatkhah ,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (5-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: The relationship between diabetes mellitus and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile of epicardial adipose tissue in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease.
Methods: In this study, 28 diabetic and 40 nondiabetic patients were evaluated. The epicardial adipose tissue and blood samples of patients were collected during surgery. Non‐esterified fatty acids and phospholipids were measured by the thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography.
Results: Saturated free fatty acids (12: 0) level was higher in diabetic patients compared to nondiabetic patients (P=0.038), while saturated free fatty acids (16: 0) was significantly lower in diabetics (P=0.011). Unsaturated fatty acid (20: 3n-9) was higher in nondiabetics compared to diabetics (P=0.015). There was a significant decrease in level of monounsaturated fatty acids in diabetic patients. The epicardial adipose tissue of diabetics showed a significant increase in free fatty acid (18: 0) and conjugated linoleic acid levels, while there was a significant decrease in the level of free fatty acid (18: 1n-11). Level of epicardial omega-3 free fatty acid (20: 5 n-3) and 22: 6 n -3 was significantly reduced in these patients.
Conclusion: Differences in the serum free fatty acid profile of the two groups may be due to differences in their diet, while changes in the fatty acid composition of epicardial adipose tissue in these two groups could be due to impaired metabolism of fatty acids such as uptake, movement and androgen synthesis as a result of diabetes. These changes increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
Exir Vizvari , Parvin Farzanegi , Hajar Abbas Zade Sourati ,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Sirtuin (SIRT), Fibroblast Growth Factor21 (FGF21) and Fetuin A are proteins that cause a wide range of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). On the other hand, regular physical activity is known to play a key role in prevention and management of T2DM. Thus, this study investigated the effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on serum levels of metabolic parameters including SIRT1, FGF21 and Fetuin A in women with T2DM.
Methods: The study was performed on 28 randomly selected women with T2DM who were divided into an exercise group and a control group. The training intervention consisted eight weeks of vigorous aerobic exercise (three times a week at 70-80% of maximum heart rate). The serum levels of SIRT
1, FGF
21 and Fetuin A were evaluated before the first session and 48 hours after the last session. Paired sample t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze within and between group differences, respectively. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS (version 19) at significance of 0.05.
Results: The eight-week aerobic training caused a significant reduction in body weight, body mass index, insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and Fetuin A of women with T2DM. In addition, it caused a significant increase in SIRT1 and FGF
21 levels. There was no significant difference in the level of high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol between the two groups.
Conclusion: As a non-pharmacological therapy, regular aerobic exercise might improve the metabolic parameters, SIRT1, FGF21, and Fetuin A in women with T2DM.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, SIRT
1, FGF
21, Fetuin A, Exercise.
Mojtaba Abbasi, Amirhooman Asadi, Hadis Musavi,
Volume 13, Issue 6 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Reduced insulin secretion in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) results in fat accumulation in hepatocytes and increase in liver enzymes. The hepatocyte destruction due to non-alcoholic fatty liver is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the association of liver transaminases with lipid profile in T2DM patients compared to healthy subjects.
Methods: A total of 1000 subjects (500 males and females with T2DM and 500 healthy subjects) participated in this case-control study. Diagnosis of T2DM was made based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Fasting blood samples (5 ml) were obtained from all subjects in the morning and the serum was extracted for the assessment of biochemical parameters was used to compare parameters between healthy and T2DM patients. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 and using Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results: The serum total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), TCH/high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) ratio and atherogenecity index plasma were significantly higher in T2DM group compared to healthy individuals (p≤0.006). Among the lipid profile parameters only Risk ratio (TCH/HDL-C) was positively correlated with ALT (p=0.037) while no significant correlation was observed for other variables (P>0.05)
Conclusion: T2DM Patients have higher lipid profile, atherogenecity index and liver enzymes compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, TCH/HDL-C was significantly correlated with ALT.
Exir Vizvari, Parvin Farzanegi, Hajar Abbas Zade ,
Volume 14, Issue 6 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and fetuin A are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, regular physical activity has an important role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of moderate aerobic exercise on serum levels of FGF21 and fetuin A in women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The study was performed on 28 women with type 2 diabetes aged 40-50 years (mean weight: 70.58 ± 2.11) who were randomly divided into an exercise group (n=14) and a control group (n=14). The training intervention consisted of eight weeks of moderate aerobic exercise at 60-70% of maximum heart rate, five times a week. Serum levels of FGF21, fetuin A and some metabolic parameters were evaluated before the first session and 48 hours after the last session. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS (version 24) using repeated measures ANOVA and at significance of 0.05.
Results: The eight-week aerobic training intervention caused a significant increase in FGF21 and insulin sensitivity as well as a significant decrease in fetuin A, fasting blood sugar and HbA1c (P=0.001).
Conclusion: As a complementary therapy, regular aerobic exercise can be beneficial for type 2 diabetes patients in improving some metabolic parameters as well as FGF21 and fetuin A levels.
Farnaz Zanghaneh, Parvin Farzanegi, Habib Asgharpour,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Programmed autophagy is a genetically and evolutionarily conserved process that destroys long-lived cellular proteins and organelles. This study aimed to investigate effects of continuous and interval exercise training with or without atorvastatin supplementation on Beclin1, LC3-I and LC3-П expression in old rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Sixty three male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups. Continuous exercise was performed at a speed of 15-29 m/min for 5-22 minutes. Interval exercise program consisted of six 2.5-minute sets that included a four-minute rest period between each set. The rats in the supplementation groups also received 20 mg/kg body weight atorvastatin daily via intraperitoneal injection. At the end of the training period, the expression of Beclin1, LC3-I and LC3-П in soleus muscle was measured by RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis at statistical significance of 0.05.
Results: The results showed that both exercise trainings with or without atorvastatin significantly reduced LC3I, LC3-II and Beclin1 compared with the diabetic control group (P<0.05). In addition, the effects of the trainings and atorvastatin supplement did not differ significantly (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate that continuous and interval exercise program alone and combined with atorvastatin supplementation could significantly reduce LC3-1, LC3-II and Beclin1 level in soleus muscle of old diabetic rats.
Seyed Zanyar Athari, Mir Alireza Nourazar, Mohammadreza Nasirzadeh,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Increased oxidative stress and altered antioxidant levels play an essential role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Menopause is associated with increased food intake, weight gain, metabolic disorders, and increased level of inflammatory and oxidative stress factors. This study evaluated effects of oleuropein extract on brain tissue and serum oxidative status in ovariectomized diabetic rats.
Methods: In this study, 40 female Wistar rats weighing 250±20 grams were randomly divided into four groups: control, sham (surgery without ovariectomy), ovariectomy+diabetes, and ovariectomy+diabetes+oleuropein supplementation. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats in the treatment group received 60 mg/kg of oleuropein for 30 days by oral gavage. Finally, blood glucose, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and malonaldehyde levels were evaluated in serum and brain tissue samples.
Results: Weight, blood glucose level, and antioxidant enzymes activity increased significantly in the ovariectomy+diabetes group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: This study suggested that the administration of oleuropein extract has beneficial effects on blood glucose level and antioxidant status in serum and brain tissue of ovariectomized diabetic rats.
Ali Nouri, Parvin Farzanegi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in the world. Here, we evaluated effects of resveratrol supplementation alone and combined with exercise on blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, apoptosis biomarkers, and expression of farnesoid X receptor (Fxr), liver X receptor (Lxr), and sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) genes in the liver of type 1 diabetic rats.
Methods: Streptozotocin was used to induce type 1 diabetes in Wistar rats. The rats were randomly assigned into seven groups. After treatment with resveratrol alone or combined with exercise training, the animals were sacrificed and lipid profile and levels of blood glucose and insulin were measured. Hepatocyte apoptosis was assessed by measuring the level of Bax and Bcl2 proteins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Expression of Fxr, Lxr, and Sirt1 was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Comparison of the mean levels of all variables between different groups was performed using one-way analysis of variance, at statistical significance level of 0.05.
Results: Resveratrol significantly reduced the level of blood glucose and insulin compared with the control groups (p<0.001). It also significantly affected the lipid profile (p<0.001). Diabetes was significantly associated with decreased expression of Sirt1, Lxr, and Fxr and increased hepatocyte apoptosis. Resveratrol significantly improved the expression of all three genes (p<0.01). Overall, resveratrol supplementation combined with exercise was more effective than other methods.
Conclusion: The results indicate that that combination of resveratrol therapy with exercise could be beneficial for diabetic patients. However, more studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Mahdi Ghafari, Ebrahim Banitalebi, Ali Nabipur,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Considering racial/ethnic differences is necessary when recommending lifestyle modifications for patients with diabetes. Racial/ethnic diversity may affect hypoadiponectinemia responses to exercise training among individuals with type 2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to investigate effects of exercise training on circulating adiponectin concentrations in Iranians with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Literature searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were carried out using the following search strategy: [exercise OR training OR physical activity OR Training] AND diabetes AND adiponectin. Next, RCTs were included and compared with each type of supervised exercise (aerobic training, resistance training, or combined training). Pooled intervention effects were evaluated and reported as standardized mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals using a random effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis was performed for study heterogeneity and following primary screening full text of the articles was evaluated.
Results: Fourteen studies with 444 individuals (236 men and 128 women) were included in the analysis. The age of the participants ranged between 18 and 60 years. The number of exercise sessions per week ranged between 3 and 5. The duration of interventions ranged between 6 and 12 weeks. The meta-analysis showed that adiponectin levels increased significantly in diabetic subjects after physical activity (MD: 0.72 ng/dl, p<0.001,), but the heterogeneity of the study remained significant (I2= 89%).
Conclusion: Overall, physical exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, increases adiponectin levels in Iranians with diabetes. However, this effect of exercise may be influenced by race/ethnic differences, type of training, frequency, type of adiponectin measurement, and complex and heterogeneous exercise responses of individual with diabetes.
Nasrin Ramezani, Mahshid Dezhan, Saide Saadaat Khalili, Nader Shakeri, Kayvan Khoramipour,
Volume 17, Issue 5 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background: Omentin-1 plays an important role in insulin function. Despite numerous studies, the effect of interval training on this adipokine is still vague. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (IR), omentin-1 serum levels, and gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats.
Methods: In an experimental study, 20 male rats (8-10 weeks, weight: 250-270 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic control (N=10) and diabetic training (N=10). The training protocol was 30 minutes of HIIT (1-min run, 2-min rest) performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, omentin-1 serum level, and gene expression were measured in the visceral fat 48 hours after the last exercise for both groups.
Results: The HIIT resulted in lower serum glucose and insulin resistance (P = 0.001), higher serum omentin-1 levels (P = 0.001), and higher visceral fat gene expression (P = 0.004) in the training group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Lower serum glucose and insulin resistance and higher omentin-1 serum levels and gene expression in the training group can prove the effectiveness of HIIT training in T2D, although further research is required.
Misha Antani, Anjali Goyal, Jalashree Rana,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: A higher occurrence of raised homocysteine levels has been reported in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly those with macroangiopathy and nephropathy. Given that hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for T2D, mitigating this condition could potentially benefit T2D patients. This study aimed to investigate the influence of homocysteine on T2D and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the factors that modify homocysteine levels.
Methods: This cross sectional, observational study was conducted on 122 individuals in a tertiary care center in Western India. Data related to anthropometry, demography, and biochemistry were gathered following established standards. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The findings indicated a significantly larger percentage of hyperhomocysteinemia in males, smokers, and individuals with elevated fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels. The proportion of subjects with high homocysteine levels was notably greater in those with high total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. A significant correlation was observed between increased serum homocysteine levels and decreased serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Conclusion: Elevated homocysteine levels are observed in smokers and diabetic patients, potentially leading to CVD. Furthermore, this study found a correlation between an increase in serum homocysteine levels and a decrease in serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Chandralekshmy Chandrika, Archana Jayan, Fathima Beevi Osman,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 DM is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, increased glucose production, and abnormal fat metabolism. Diabetes mortality primarily results from microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, as well as macrovascular complications like coronary artery, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with diabetes usually have changes in adipose tissue metabolism and abnormalities in the secretion of adipokines such as leptin. The present study aims to study the relationship between serum leptin levels and lipid profile parameters among non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic individuals.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 41 type 2 diabetic patients and 41 non-diabetic individuals of both sexes between the ages of 40 and 70. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), serum leptin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were assayed.
Results: The mean serum leptin levels among diabetic patients were lower than those of non-diabetic individuals, and this difference in mean was statistically significant. The study showed a significant negative correlation between serum leptin, TC, TG, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and a positive correlation with HDL. In the final regression model, serum leptin showed a statistically significant association with FBS and HDL.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that serum leptin levels can be a strong predictor of low HDL levels in diabetic patients. It can also contribute to raised levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL, which are responsible for macrovascular complications in diabetics.
