Showing 11 results for Antifungal
S M Hashemi, A Nasrollahi Omra, Hr Pordeli, A Hosenian,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (10-2010)
Abstract
Abstract Bachground and objectives:Streptomyces is the most important genus in Actinomycetes family.The Streptomycetes are widely used in industry producing numerous chemical compounds including antibiotics, enzymes and anti- tumor agents. The aim of this study was to isolate soil-borne Streptomyces producing antimicrobial substances from soil of Golestan province of Iran and to survey anti-fungal metabolities produced by this organism. Material and Methods:In this study various soil samples were collected: ( forest areas of Naharkhoran in Gorgan and Kordkuy’s Derazno, Aghala’s deserts and agriculture lands of Aliabad ) were cultured on Actinomycet isolation agar and Starch casein agar were identified and purified by morphology and biochemistry tests. The activity of isolated Streptomyses against:Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus, Candida albicans and Malasesia fur fur were studied by Agar Diffusion. Results:Of 120 samples, 24 are Streptomyces(20%) .The frequency of Streptomyces are reported in Aghala (10,41.6%),Derzno (8,33.3%) ,Nahar khoran(4,16.6%) and Aliabad(2,8.3%).Of 24 isolated Sterptomyses,two isolates have strong anti-fungal and six of them have moderate effect.We also see Streptomyses,isolated from desert area, have higher anti-fungal activity. Conclusion:It is recommended two isolated of Streptomyses be identified ana purified. Key words:Streptomyces , antifungal activities, antibiotic
Hoseini, S. S. (msc), Rudbar Mohammadi, Sh. (phd), Joshaghani, H. R. (phd),
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Candida albicans is a human opportunistic fungus causing mucosal and systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. There is evidence of increasing resistance to antifungal agents, thus it is necessary to search about new formulations for finding the antifungal agents. Some plants have antimicrobial properties due to presence of components such as polyphenols. We aimed at evaluating antifungal effects of Carvacrol essence, which is the main compound of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris, on standard Fluconazole sensitive and resistance strains of Candida albicans. Material and Methods: This study evaluated the antiCandida activity of essential oil Carvacrol by means of Inhibitory zone diameter and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), using Microdilution broth and Disc diffusion methods. To do this, Serial dilutions (10-100 µl) of essential oils were made in 96 well microtiter plates. The wells’ opacity was assessed by using a microtiter plate reader of solution. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of essential oil Carvacrol and Fluconazole were measured by counting the number of colony in Dextro agar medium. Results: the minimum inhibitory concentration of Carvacrol essence in standard strains and Fluconazole-resistance Candida albicans are, respectively, 5.3 and 6.18µg/ml, and the Minimal Fungicide Concentration (MFC) are 10.61 and 12. 3µg/ml. Inhibitory zone diameters are 45 and 35 millimeter for Fluconazole sensitive and resistance Candida albicans, respectively. Conclusion: the results show that essence of Carvacrol has suitable antifungal effects against standard strains and Fluconazole sensitive and resistance of Candida albicans. These herbal essences, after supplementary studies, possibly can be used for infections caused by Candidas. Key words: Antifungal activity Carvacrol Candida albicans Fluconazole
N Naghsh, M Doudi, Z Safaeinejad,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objective: In recent years, the resistance of opportunistic fungal strains to commercially available antifungal agents has been increased. The serious side effects of these compounds on mammalian cells forced the researchers to search for new antifungal substances. Thus we decided to investigate the antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles against Aspergillusfumigatus.
Materials & Methods: To investigate the antifungal effect of the round silver nanoparticles with 10nm diameter against Aspergillusfumigatus, the diameter of colonies after 8 days as well as the number of colonies in different days was determined, using direct drop test. After that, to measure the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) values of silver nanoparticles and fluconazole, Micro Dilution Broth method was performed. At the end, the MIC and MFC values of silver nanoparticles were compared to MIC and MFC of fluconazole.
Results: The results obtained from direct drop test confirm that the silver nanoparticles can decrease the diameter of fungal colonies in dose dependent manner. The data of silver nanoparticles on the number of colonies in different days shows that the number of colonies increases up to sixth day and then becomes fixed. Based on the results of Micro Dilution Broth method, the MIC and the MFC values of this component are 31.25 and 62.5ppm, respectively.
Conclusion: The present study confirms that silver nanoparticles with 10nm diameter have antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigates.
Key words: Silver nanoparticles, Aspergillusfumigatus, Antifungal activity.
Hr Pordeli, Sj Hashemi Hazaveh, M Jamshidian, M Bayat,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objective: Soil bacteria, particularly Bacillus genus have the potential of producing a range of bioactive substances with antimicrobial and antifungal properties. They have the ability to produce hundreds of active and effective biologic compound against microorganisms. Therefore, it seems to be a proper candidate in the biocontrol of fungal pathogenesis. Material & Methods: In this study, soil samples were collected from different parts of Gorgan in order to isolate Bacillus and to determine their antifungal activity against T.mentagrophytes. The Isolates that had the highest antifungal effects were analyzed by PCR and 16s rRNA sequencing. Results: of 54 strains, 14 have antifungal activity. The Isolates, S4 and S12, identified as B.cereus and B.thuringiensis respectively show the highest antidermatofit effect. These isolates based on 16s rRNA sequence analysis show 97% homology with Bacillus cereusstrain KU4 and Bacillus thuringiensisstrain ucsc27. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the soil Bacilli have biocontrol potential against dermatophytic agents such as T.mentagrophytes. Keywords: Antifungal effects, Bacillus, Rhizospheric soil, T.mentagrophytes
Aj Eiri, Aa Nasrollahi Omran, Hr Pordeli,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (2-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Chitin, which is a linear polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine residues, has been the most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose. In recent decades, Chitinases have received increased attention because of their wide range of applications, especially in biological control against fungi.
Material and Methods: the isolation of bacilli producing chitinolytic enzymes was performed by collecting 40 soil samples from various regions of Gorgan, northern of Iran. The chitinolytic potential of the isolates was indicated by observation of clear zone in colloidal chitin agar medium. Identification of selected strains was performed by polyphasic taxonomy, and subtler identification and sequensing were carried out by extraction DNA. Antifungal effect was evaluated by well method against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) Aspergillusniger (ATCC 2029)،Aspergillusflavus (IR6) Fusariumoxyporum (PTCC 5115) and Alternariaalternata (PTCC 5224).
Results: Nine colonies of chitinase positive bacillus were isolated on choloidal Chitin Agar (CCA) and five of them had antifungal effect. R6 strain had the highest, and R2 and R3 had the lowest effect on fungi. The 16S rRNA sequence of these isolations in comparison with the known bacteria has 95-97% similarity.
Conclusion: Some of the soil bacteria can have antagonestic effects on human and phytopathogenic agents existed in soil.
Keywords: Bacillus Chitinase Soil Antifungal
Soghra Valizadeh , Razzagh Mahmodi , Tayebeh Fakheri , Farzad Katiraie , Vahide Rahmani,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal effects of Thymus vulgaris and Cuminum Cyminum essential oils against foodborne pathogens and Candida species in vitro.
Methods: The essential oils were extracted from the aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris and dried Cuminum Cyminum seeds using a Clevenger apparatus for 3 hours. Analysis of the essential oils’ constituents was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activity of Cuminum Cyminum essential oil and essential oil of Thymus vulgaris against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium were evaluated in agar culture medium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these essential oils against fungal strains of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. dubliniensis was measured.
Results: Thymol (64.45%) and cuminaldehyde (29.02%) were the main components of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris and Cuminum Cyminum, respectively. The largest inhibition zone diameter in the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and Cuminum Cyminum in the agar disk diffusion method was related to B. cereus with 30 and 21 mm diameter, respectively. The largest growth inhibition zone diameter by the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris in the well diffusion method was 21 mm and against B. cereus. The MIC of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris in the microdilution method was 0.09% against all the four Candida strains. The MIC of Cuminum Cyminum essential oil against strains of C. albicans and C. tropicalis was 0.39%, while it was found as 0.19% against C. parapsilosis and C. dubliniensis.
Conclusion: In this study, Cuminum Cyminum essential oil and essential oil of Thymus vulgaris show suitable inhibitory effects against the growth of bacteria using well and disk diffusion methods. Regarding the antifungal effects, the MIC of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris is lower than the Cuminum Cyminum essential oil, which indicates the higher antifungal activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris. This study has raised the possibility of using these essential oils as suitable antimicrobial compounds and alternatives for chemical preservatives in the food industry.
Maryam Kouhkan, Miri Mahmoody, Jabbar Khalafy, Sima Pourali, Nasser Samadi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global public health. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics are the most important contributing factors to development of antibiotic resistance. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify and discover new compounds against drug-resistant microorganisms. We have previously synthesized new series of 3-substituted 5H-(1,2,4)triazolo(3',4':2,3) (1,3,4)thiadiazino(5,6-b)quinoxaline derivatives (4a-4f). Here, we evaluate the antimicrobial activity of these derivatives against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Escherichia coli,
Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and
Candida krusei.
Methods: The agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods were used for determining inhibition zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration during preliminary evaluation of antimicrobial activity.
Results: All synthesized compounds exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested microorganisms
.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate the antimicrobial potential of the six novel synthetic triazolo thiadiazin quinoxaline compounds.
Keywords: Antimicrobial,
Anti-bacterial agents,
Antifungal agents, Triazolo, Thiadiazin, Quinoxaline.
Azadeh Abedzadeh Hajar, Mohammad Dakhili, Mojgan Saghazadeh, Seyyed Soheil Aghaei, Razieh Nazari,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The prevalence of the infections caused by Candida species has led to a significant increase in their resistance to antifungal compounds. The aim of this study was to i) investigate drug resistance ii) evaluate the incidence of Candida albicans drug resistance pattern in the vaginal samples of women referring to health centers of Qom province, and iii) examine the effect of Zn nanoparticles combined with fluconazole against C. albicans isolates.
Methods: This experimental, descriptive study was performed on 120 patients of candidiasis. In order to identify Candida albicans, direct experiments, differential culture, Germ tube test and sugar assimilation test (API20C kit) were conducted. The effect of different antifungal drugs and zinc nanoparticles and the synergistic effect of fluconazole with zinc nanoparticles were investigated by disk diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) of all cases was further specified.
Results: Of the 120 samples, 50 (41.6%) were identified as Candida albicans. These strains were resistant to certain antifungal drugs while others were semi-sensitive and sensitive. The lowest and the highest mean diameter of inhibition zone in all Candida albicans isolates belonged to ketoconazole (15.64 mm) and fluconazole nano-ZnO (26.76mm), respectively. The lowest and the highest MICs were observed in fluconazole- nano-ZnO and nano-ZnO, respectively.
Conclusion: The synergistic effect of Zn nanoparticles with fluconazole can be conducive to the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
Tahere Shamoushaki, Leila Fozouni,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: The incidence of drug-resistant candidiasis has increased dramatically. This study aimed to evaluate antifungal effects of fluconazole alone and in combination with ibuprofen on isolates from patients with mucosal candidiasis.
Methods: Candida species isolates from 142 patients with suspected mucosal (oral and vaginal) candidiasis were identified by culture on CHROMagar
Candida medium and carbohydrate assimilation test using the API 20CAUX kit
. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole alone and in combination with ibuprofen was determined by the broth microdilution method.
Results: Among isolates, 43.7% were identified as
Candida species (
Candida albicans,
Candida glabrata, Candidia parapsilosis,
Candida tropicalis,
Candida guilliermondii and
Candida kefyr). The highest rate of fluconazole resistance was observed among
C. albicans (50%) isolates. MIC
90 of ibuprofen-fluconazole combination against
C. albicans isolates was 32 μg/mL, which was 8-fold less than that of fluconazole alone (MIC
90=256 μg/mL) (P<0.01). Moreover, the MIC
90 of fluconazole-ibuprofen combination against
C. parapsilosis isolates was 4-fold less than that of fluconazole alone.
Conclusion: Our results revealed partial fluconazole resistance among
Candida isolates from patients with mucosal candidiasis. However, the resistance rate decreased 2.5 fold following treatment with the ibuprofen-fluconazole combination. Therefore, it is recommended to further investigate the therapeutic potential of this drug combination for treatment of fungal infections, such as candidiasis.
Nakisa Zarrabi Ahrabi, Ali Souldozi, Yasin Sarveahrabi,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Antibiotic resistance is a major public health challenge. The pervasive antibiotic misuse can lead to increased antibiotic resistance. Thus, there is a need for discovery of new compounds against drug-resistant microorganisms. We synthesized new series of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives (4a-4d) and evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus.
Methods: The new derivatives of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole were synthesized using a single-stage, high-yield method. The structure of the new compounds was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance and hydrogen- nuclear magnetic resonance. Then, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the prepared derivatives (1 mg/ml) were evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration using the agar well diffusion method.
Results: All synthesized compounds, especially (4d) with methoxyphenyl group, exhibited powerful antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. However, the compounds had no antifungal effect.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate the antibacterial potential of the novel synthetic 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole compounds.
Sukanya Sudhaharan , Naga Appala Raju Sundarapu, Umabala Pamidimukkala ,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background: The reference method for antifungal susceptibility testing is broth microdilution according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. However, the fully automated system, Vitek 2C system may reduce the workload and observer bias associated with manual broth microdilution. This study aimed to compare the results of YS08 card with the results of the broth microdilution (BMD) method.
Methods: A total of 50 clinical Candida isolates were included in the study. The susceptibility testing was done by Vitek 2C using the YS08 card. Broth microdilution was done according to CLSI guidelines M27M44S-Ed3.
Results: For C. albicans, the categorical agreement was 85.8%, 71.5%, 85.8%, and 100% for fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin, respectively. The minor errors (MiE) of 14.2% for fluconazole and caspofungin, 28.5% for voriconazole, were detected in C. albicans. In C. glabrata, the categorical agreement (CA) was 100% for micafungin, voriconazole, but 63.7% for caspofungin. An MiE of 36.3% was detected for caspofungin. C. parapsilosis showed a 100% CA for fluconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin, and 85.8% for voriconazole. There were 14.2% of MiEs for voriconazole. In C. tropicalis, 100 % CA was observed for fluconazole, micafungin, and caspofungin, and 88.9% for voriconazole. Moreover, 11.1% (1/9) of MiEs was observed for voriconazole. In C. auris, there was a 100% CA for caspofungin and micafungin, 77.8% for fluconazole, and 66.7% for amphotericin B. There was a major error of 22.2% for fluconazole and 33.3% for amphotericin B.
Conclusion: The majority of Vitek 2C showed comparable results with the broth microdilution (BMD) method. Only minor errors (MiEs) were observed in the tested Candida species.
