Abstract

Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common organism, which is separated from the burn infections.  Due to increased antibiotic resistance, there are many problems to deal with the infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to determine the resistance to antibiotics against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas using phenotype methods.

Material and Methods: 100 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from the burn patients in Taleghani hospital in Ahwaz, Iran, during a six-month period. After phenotypically initial identification, antibiotic sensitivity of isolated strains  to conventional antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined using a disk diffusion technique,  and Phenotypic screening for MBLs production was  performed.

Results: the maximum percentage was related to   wound infection and the frequencies of the resistance to  imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin, doripenem, ertapenem and colistin sulphate, were 70%, 53%, 83%, 67%, 91%, 88%, 84%, 84%, 33%, 90%, and 0%,  respectively. The use of CD Test methods was approved for determining resistance to Carbapenems.

Conclusion: antibiotic resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasing and colistin sulphate is the most effective antibiotic.

Keywords: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa; Burn Infection; Antibiotic Resistance.

ABSTRACT
             Background and Objectives: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes are important causes of diarrhea among children in developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance pattern of DEC pathotypes in children aged less than 10 years.
             Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 300 E. coli strains isolated from diarrheic stool samples of children aged less than 10 years who were admitted to hospitals and central laboratory in Zahedan, between July and October 2016. DEC pathotypes were identified by standard biochemical testing and phenotypic testing using polyvalent antiserums. Antibiotic resistant pattern of these strains was evaluated against 11 different antibiotics by the agar disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.
             Results: Of the 300 E. coli isolates, 89 (29.6%) were found positive for DEC using polyvalent antiserums. In this study, 35 cases (39.3%) reacted with antiserum 1, 21 cases (25.8%) reacted with the antiserum 2, and 31 cases (34.8%) reacted with antiserum 3. The highest rate of resistance was observed against ampicillin (94.8%), tetracycline (87.2%), and co-trimoxazole (70.5%). In addition, the lowest rate of resistance was related to imipenem (1%) and ciprofloxacin (8.9%).
             Conclusion: DEC pathotypes are the important causes of diarrhea among children admitted to hospitals of Zahedan. Considering the high rate of antibiotic resistance among these pathotypes in this region, prescription of antibiotics should be based on accurate detection of these strains.
             Keywords: Escherichia coli, Child, Antibiotic Resistance.