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Showing 3 results for Aflatoxin B1
Total Aflatoxin”, “Aflatoxin B1” and “Ochratoxin A” Residues in Wheat Flour Produced in Kurdistan Province-Iran
Hiro Memari , Keiwan Ebrahimi Mohammadi , Peiman Esmaeilzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (9-2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
       Background and objectives: Contamination of food products with mycotoxins is a public health problem. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has identified mycotoxins as hepatotoxic and carcinogenic agents to humans (Group 1). The Kurdistan Province is the ninth largest producer of wheat in Iran. We aimed to determine the level of contamination with total aflatoxin (TAF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in 66 wheat samples randomly selected from 11 wheat flour factories in spring and summer.
       Methods: The level of toxins was measured by microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a microtitre plate ELISA reader and total AF, AFB1 and OTA commercial kits.
      Results: Overall, the level of TAF and AFB in 16.67% of the samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limit set by the Institute of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI). However, the level of OTA contamination did not exceed the maximum tolerable limit set by the ISIRI. In addition, the level of TAF, AFB1 and OTA exceeded the maximum tolerable limit set by the EU in 68.18, 90.91 and 36.36% of the samples, respectively. The level of contamination with these mycotoxins differed significantly in spring and summer (P<0.05).
      Conclusion: The level of mycotoxin contamination in wheat samples produced in the Kurdistan Province is alarmingly high and appropriate measures should be taken to eliminate the causes of this issue.
         KEYWORDS: Aflatoxin, Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, Wheat, ELISA.

Detoxification of AFB1 by Yeasts Isolates from Kefir and Traditional Kefir-Like Products
Abdoljalil Eiri, Hami Kaboosi, Farhad Niknejad, Abdollah Ardebili, Hamid Reza Joshaghani,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic aflatoxin produced by a large number of Aspergillus species. Successful detoxification of this toxin is an important attempt to improve community health. The aim of this study was to evaluate reducing effects of yeasts isolates from kefir and traditional kefir-like fermented beverages on AFB1 in a broth medium.
Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-sequencing was carried out to identify the yeast isolates from kefir and kefir-like beverages. Effects of the isolates on AFB1 adsorption and biotransformation in peptone dexterose broth medium were evaluated by using high performance liquid chromatography.
Results: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus were isolated from kefir and kefir-like beverages and resulted in 46% and 53% AFB1 adsorption, respectively. The isolates 27Y and 2Y caused 7% toxin biotransformation, while 10% toxin biotransformation was achieved by the isolate 18Y. 
Conclusion: Our results indicate that the yeast isolates from kefir and traditional kefir-like products can bind to and detoxify AFB1, thereby reducing its harmful effects.
Effects of kefir on liver function tests and histopathological changes in rats exposed to aflatoxin B1
Seyed Ahmad Sajjadi, Zahra Moosavi, Farhad Niknejad, Abdollah Jamshidi,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (7-2023)
Abstract
Seyed ahmad Sajjadi1 , Zahra Moosavi2 , Farhad Niknejad3 , Abdollah Jamshidi 4
Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most important mycotoxins that contaminate food worldwide. Long-term consumption of foods contaminated with AFB1 endangers human health. Detoxification of AFB1 from food improves community health. A Specific approach to aflatoxin reduction is the use of probiotics. Kefir drink is a strong probiotic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of kefir drink on AFB1-induced hepatic injury in adult male rats
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult rats weighing between 150 and 200 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) control, 2) AFB1 (50 μg/kg body weight), 3) kefir drink (10 mL/kg body weight), and 4) AFB1 + kefir drink. Aflatoxin and kefir drink received through oral gavage. At the end of the experiment (8 weeks), blood and liver samples were collected for different assays. Liver function tests and histopathological examinations were performed. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and at a significance level of <0.05.
Results: Aflatoxin B1 significantly increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (T.Bili), as well as decreased total protein (T.P) content, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Aflatoxin B1 induced histological changes in the liver. The results obtained from the groups treated with kefir drink with and without AFB1 were not significantly different from the control group. Histopathological changes were not found in groups treated with kefir drink with and without AFB1.
Conclusion: The consumption of kefir drink reduced AFB1-induced disruptions in rats’ livers.
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