Showing 41 results for Ast
A Halako, N Mozfari, H Forohesh, M Khormali,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Abstrac t
Background and Objectives:
pathogenic species of vibrio. It is a salt-requiring organism. It cases
watery diarrhea often with abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting and
fever. This study was performed to assess the seawater samples of
Caspian coastal regions.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of
Materials and methods:
APW and TCBS agar media and then biochemistry tests were used to
distinguish vibrio parahemolytic.
Methods used to isolate this organism were
Results:
parahaemolyticus(
Gaz and the rest from khomishan region.)
Of 73 seawater samples, we could isolate 32 Vibrio16 of them from Bandar Turkmen, 10 of Bandar
found abundantly in Caspian coastal regions.
Conclusion: This study indicated that Vibrio parahaemolyticus can be
parahaemolyticus, distribution,
Key words: Southeastern Caspian coastal regions, Vibrio
A Moradi, E Mobasheri, A Tabarraei, S Bakhshandeh Nosrat, V Kazemi Nejad, R Azarhosh, Sh Alizadeh, M Bazori,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Breast cancer is the most prevalent one in women. Some of the common causative factors are genetic background, nutritional and environmental factors. Viruses are believed as a risk factor in this cancer, too. Recent studies reported that Human Papillomaviruses can be one of the possible risk factors of breast cancer. This study focused on investigation of the papillomavirus genome in tissues of breast cancer in Golestan province, Iran. Material and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done from 2005 until 2008. The Samples were obtained from women admitted to the hospitals in Gorgan and Gonbad cities. All breast biopsy or mastectomy tissues were confirmed by the pathologists for breast cancer. DNA was extracted and PCR done by using general primers (GP5 + / GP6 + and MY09/MY11) for detection of papillomavirus genomes. Results: The Subjects are 231 patients aged 47± 12/72, the youngest 20 and the oldest 84. They are from Gorgan (N=122)and Gonbad (N=109) The result Shows That The Subjects Suffer from infiltrating ductular Carcinoma(31.4%), infiltrating duct Carcinoma (60.1%)and intraductal Lobular Carcinoma (4.3%) and The rest from other kinds of Cancer. Papilloma Virus genome is not found in These Samples. Conclusion: Based on paradoxical results from different parts of the world, upon the presence or absence of papillomavirus genome in breast cancer samples, to show the role of this virus in the development of breast cancer more studies are needed. Key words: Breast Cancer, Papillomaviruses, Golestan Province
Bonyadi, M, Mojarrad Khangah, S., Qanbarov, Kh.q, Gojezadeh, M, Dalili Oskuee, R,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Yoghurt is a milky, fermented and semi-solid production that is produced by Microorganism starters. These microorganisms are known as lactic acid bacteria, which are responsible for the formation of the tissue, scent and flavor of yoghurt. Their presence in digestive system makes people healthy. The aim of this study was determination of the number of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts in the combination of traditional yoghurts of villages of East-Azerbaijan- province. Material and Methods:In this study, we gathered 90 samples of traditional yoghurt from the villages of East- Azerbaijan province and transferred, in a standard condition, to the laboratory of pharmaceutical-applied research center of Tabriz medical science university. We used 10-6dilution to measure the number of lactobacilli in MRS Agar medium and 10-3 dilution to count the Yeasts in Saborodextros Agar medium. Then, the grown colony has been enumerated and the kind of bacteria was specified via biochemistry tests. Results: The mean number of lactobacilli in 1 ml of traditional yoghurts is about 62 × 106 CFU/mL and the number of Yeasts 41×104 CFU/mL. Delbrueckii and plantarum are the most common Lactobacilli, and Saccharomyces is with the highest frequency. Conclusion: According to findings of this research, there is considerable amount of microorganisms such as useful bacteria, in the traditional yoghurts of villages of East- Azerbaijan province. They have been used as a starter and probiotic in Dairy and milk factories to produce good production in the future. Key words: Lactic acid bacteria, East-Azerbaijan, Yoghurt, Yeasts
M Alimohammadi, M Rostami, M Jorfi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (10-2012)
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy which is associated with 3 to 4 folds of increase in the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity, if it is not diagnosed early (1). Gestational diabetes occurs from 1% to 14%, and 90% of pregnancy-related diabetes has been related to gestational diabetes (2). Glucose challenge test (GCT) and glucose tolerance test (GTT) are recommended by American Diabetes Association (ADA) for screening and diagnosing of gestational diabetes (3).
In this cross-sectional study, the subjects were the pregnant women during 24-28 weeks of gestation referred to Khatam-o-allanbia laboratory of Arak city in 2009. First, we explained the aim of the project and then obtained the written consent. After being fast for at least 8-12 hours, five ml of their venous blood was drown. For GCT, the blood samples were obtained one hour after consumption of 50g of glucose powder. The Individuals whose GCT was equal or higher than 130 mg/dl were introduced for GTT in the future days.
After 8-12 hours of being fast, blood samples were taken to perform GTT. Then after eating 100 grams of glucose powder, their 1, 2 and 3 hour -venous blood samples were drown to perform glucose test, using glucose testing kit of Pars Azmun Company and Mindary BS-300 autoanalyser.
The average age of referred pregnant women is 27.37±10.24 year. Of 417, 403 (96.64%) have normal fasting plasma glucose (≤ 99 mg/dl) and 14 (3.36%) have abnormal fasting plasma glucose (≥ 100 mg/dl). When normal GCT is considered ≥140 mg/dl and ≥130 mg/dl, 357 (85.61%) and 308 (73.56%) have normal GCT and 60 (14.39%) and 109 (26.14%) have abnormal GCT, respectively. The Average of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and GCT are 83.86 (73-243) and 118.32 (140-351) mg/dl, respectively. In 9 (64.29%) of women with abnormal FPG, the GCT test is also abnormal.
By performing GTT for the women whose GCT was equal or higher than 130 mg/dl, 24 (5.76%) were identified with gestational diabetes and introduced for treatment. If 140 mg/dl was considered as a cutoff point of GCT, four women (0.94%) would falsely be non-diabetic. Based on this study, the prevalence of GDM is 5.74% that is not so high, compared to the range of 4.8 to 7.4% of the country (4). A study conducted by Soheilykhah et al. on 1071 pregnant women with GCT of ≥ 130 mg /dl, 31.9% of the women had abnormal GCT. After doing GTT, 110 patients (10.2%) have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes (2) that is higher than the prevalence of other studies in Iran.
Due to results of this study and other studies, it seems that the GCT is not a reliable test for screening gestational diabetes. On the other hand, if GCT is going to be used, further studies are required to review the current Cutoff point of this test.
Key words: Glucose challenge test (GCT), Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Gestational diabetes.
A Jamshidi, M Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi, A Gharaei, A Ebrahimzadeh, M Jaffari Modrek, A Ansari Moghadam, S Mohammadi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: The Plasmodium falciparum EBA-175, via Sialic acid dependent glycophorin A, binds to red blood cells and thus plays a critical role in cell invasion. Some part of second allele in its gene encoding in FCR-3 (Section F) and CAMP (Section C) can be found. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum EBA-175KD alleles in southeastern Iran.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using polymerase chain reaction Nest (Nested-PCR) with specific primers was used for the two parts of the EBA-175 gene to be proliferated. Ninety–four microscopic positive blood samples from individuals infected by Plasmodium falciparum were obtained from four different locations in southeastern Iran.
Results: Of 94 positive samples, 88 were antigen EBA-175KD. Genotype CAMP (714 bp) and FCR-3 (to 795 bp), respectively, in 31 (32.97 %) and 49 (52.12 %) were found. Eight samples have both FCR-3 and CAMP.
Conclusion: Both of EBA-175KD dimorphic genes were found. The frequency of FCR-3 allele was higher in the South East of Iran. Thus, this pattern can be considered in making Plasmodium falciparum vaccines for this area.
Key words: Plasmodium Falciparum Erythrocyte Binding Antigen-175 South-East of Iran
P Torabi, M Azimirad, Z Hasani, M Janmaleki, H Peirovi, M Alebouyeh, Mr Zali,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was aimed to determine the extent of bacterial contamination and drug resistance patterns of isolates colonized in colonoscope and endoscope and in relevant personnel.
Material and Methods: A total of 107 samples were obtained from staff of endoscopy and colonoscopy units (SEU and SCU) and gastroenterological imaging equipment. For isolation and identification of the bacteria, swab culture method and biochemical identification test were used, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance profiles, multi-drug resistance (MDR) patterns and phenetic relatedness of these isolates were also analyzed according to standard methods.
Results: Most frequent pathogenic bacteria among the SEU and gastroenterological imaging related equipments were included S. aureus (20.8 % and 0 %) Enterococcus spp. (0 % and 5.4%) Pseudomonas spp. (0% and 13.5 %), and Clostridium difficile (0% and 12.5%). Analysis of resistance phenotypes showed a high frequency of MDR phenotypes among the SEU (82.1%), and also in endoscopes, colonoscopes, and other equipments (20%, 50% and 100%, respectively). Phylotyping of S. epidermidis isolates showed the role of staff in transmission of resistance strains to medical equipments and also circulation of strains with identical resistance phenotype among the studied samples.
Conclusion: High frequency of pathogenic bacteria in colonoscopes, endoscopes and in the staff of endoscopy & colonoscopy units, and also contamination of these instruments with MDR pathogens emphasize the need for proper disinfection of endoscopes and colonoscopes and also instruction of staff in these units.
Key words: Bacterial Contamination Endoscope Colonoscope Antimicrobial Resistance Gastrointestinal Disease.
L Dolatshah, R Ghanbarpour, F Momeni, H Alizade,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was aimed to determine the extent of bacterial contamination and drug resistance patterns of isolates colonized in colonoscope and endoscope and in relevant personnel.
Material and Methods: A total of 107 samples were obtained from staff of endoscopy and colonoscopy units (SEU and SCU) and gastroenterological imaging equipment. For isolation and identification of the bacteria, swab culture method and biochemical identification test were used, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance profiles, multi-drug resistance (MDR) patterns and phenetic relatedness of these isolates were also analyzed according to standard methods.
Results: Most frequent pathogenic bacteria among the SEU and gastroenterological imaging related equipments were included S. aureus (20.8 % and 0 %) Enterococcus spp. (0 % and 5.4%) Pseudomonas spp. (0% and 13.5 %), and Clostridium difficile (0% and 12.5%). Analysis of resistance phenotypes showed a high frequency of MDR phenotypes among the SEU (82.1%), and also in endoscopes, colonoscopes, and other equipments (20%, 50% and 100%, respectively). Phylotyping of S. epidermidis isolates showed the role of staff in transmission of resistance strains to medical equipments and also circulation of strains with identical resistance phenotype among the studied samples.
Conclusion: High frequency of pathogenic bacteria in colonoscopes, endoscopes and in the staff of endoscopy & colonoscopy units, and also contamination of these instruments with MDR pathogens emphasize the need for proper disinfection of endoscopes and colonoscopes and also instruction of staff in these units.
Key words: Bacterial Contamination Endoscope Colonoscope Antimicrobial Resistance Gastrointestinal Disease.
J Asadi, N Zarghami,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Telomerase enzyme is one of the major factors causing the development and proliferation of immortal cells such as cancer cell. The aim of this study was to evaluate telomerase activity in breast tissues of breast cancer patients and healthy people.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, the samples from 32 patients with malignant tumors and from 24 with benign tumors or healthy individuals were obtained .To assess the relative activity of telomerase in the samples, TRAP assay (PCR-ELISA) was used.
Results: The frequency of telomerase activity was 93.75% in patients and 8% in healthy people.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the relative activity of telomerase in tumor tissues measured by TRAP assay could be a suitable biomarker for identifying the breast cancer tissue.
Keywords: TRAP Assay breast cancer telomerase
Sh Shabani, Ar Sadeghi Mahoonak, H Jalali,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cream pastry, because of their ingredients, making process and preserving conditions are susceptible to many types of microbes. This study was conducted to determine the level of contamination of pastry cream in Gorgan.
Material and Methods: The randomly selected samples (N = 450) were tested according to national standards for microbial tests and then the data was analyzed.
Results: The level of contaminations for Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus was 56% and 43.3%, respectively. The highest contamination occurred in summer with Enterobacteriaceae (N= 113) and the lowest in spring with Staphylococcus aureus (N= 40). Also microbial contamination in different types of cream pastries showed the maximum level in cream puff (90%) and the minimum level in roll pastry (30.6%).
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in infection rate between different samples. The infection rate in this study is more than the prevalence of past studies.
Keywords: Cream Pastry, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcusaureus, Gorgan
Safaari, M, Zolfaghari, Mr, Shakib, P, Rouhi, S,
Volume 8, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Diarrheal diseases may occur in all age groups, worldwide. Escherichia coli (E. coli O157: H7) is one of the most important bacterial agents causing this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea in patients with acute diarrhea caused by this bacterium. Material and Methods: In this study, 214 stool samples were collected from acute diarrheic patients in hospitals and clinical laboratories of Malayer city, Iran. The samples were cultured in rich, differentiation, specific and selective medium. To detect E. coli O157: H7, rapid detection method and antisera were used . Results: In 12.15% of the samples, lactose fermentation was observed and E. coli was afirmed. The results of lactose positive samples showed that 6.54% were negative-β- Glucuronidases and were confirmed as E. coli O157. Finally, by using O157: H7 antisera, 1.87% of 14 samples that were negative- β-Glucuronidases were asserted as E. coli O157. Conclusion: based on the results, the prevalence of E. coli O157: H7 is higher in children and elders than the others. Food and water play a significant role in transferring E. coli. Keywords: Prevalence, E. coli O157: H7, Gastroenteritis, Patients
H Haghighatfard, Y Yazdani, Y.,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: the inhibition of tumor-associated angiogenesis can significantly reduce the tumor proliferation. The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), an important angiogenic factor, is considered as a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study was evaluating, designing and construction of new recombinant DNA molecule in order to have efficient expression of a fusion protein consisting of the bFGF and immunodominant epitopes of Pseudomonas toxin.
Material and Methods: Different types of peptide linker, codon adaptation index (CAI) and adding signal peptide were considered in designing of immunogenic coding sequence. After software evaluation, the recombinant DNA molecule was ordered in the puc57 cloning vector. Then, coding sequence inserted into the multiple cloning site of pET28-a plasmid. Finally, PCR and enzymatic digestion tests were done for evaluation of recombinant expression vector.
Results: Optimization of DNA sequence, codon adaptation index (CAI) increased from 0.69 to 0.83 and GC content decreased from 61 to 54.77. The presence of 1214-bp PCR product and 1029-bp one obtaining from enzymatic digestion confirmed the correction of the cloning process.
Conclusion: According to the previous studies, it is the first work for designing, optimizing and synthesis of recombinant DNA consisting of bFGF and immunodominant epitopes of Pseudomonas toxin.
Keywords: Tumor angiogenesis, immunodominant epitopres of Pseudomonas toxin, Fibroblast growth factor 2, DNA 2 software
Zamani, M, Mazinani, Z, Sardari, S,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Antibiotics are the chemical compounds, which are produced by microorganisms, belong to a larger group of antimicrobial compounds that are used for treatment of infections caused by microorganisms.
Material and Methods: the isolates of four plant species, Astragalus obtusifolius, Prosopis juliflora, Xanthium strumarium and Hippocrepis unisiliqousa were obtained using Trypticase Soy Agar. First, the purified isolates were screened from the viewpoint of their ability in producing antimicrobial metabolites against three typical microorganisms Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Then, the microbial products were extracted using organic solvent ethyl acetate and their minimum suppression concentration was determined against three strains Candida albicans ATCC 10231، Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 و Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
Results: After 4-7 days of incubation, 104 bacterial samples were isolated from isolates four plants. Out of this number, 26 isolates were antimicrobial producing metabolites by making inhibition zones against three typical microorganisms, after initial screening for production of antimicrobial compounds using agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration of ethyl acetate extracts from target microbes were between 125-1000 µg/ml.
Conclusion: The results showed that the bacterial extracts of phylosphere produce some compounds with antimicrobial properties.
Keywords: Antibiotic Producing Bacteria, Fabaceae, Asteraceae
Khatoon Heydari, Ramin Azarhoosh, Vahideh Kazeminejhad, Fatemeh Shakeri, Alireza Noroozi,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (11-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: BabA2 and Hpa genes are involved in adherence of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) to gastric mucosal tissue. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of these genes in isolates of H. pylori from gastric biopsies and their relationship with gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer.
Methods: Gastric biopsy samples were obtained from patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. A sample was sent to the laboratory for urease test and histopathology study, and another sample for DNA extraction. The frequency of BabA2 and Hpa genes was investigated using their specific primers by PCR.
Results: Among the 80 analyzed biopsy samples, 51 (63%) were BabA2 positive, and the frequency of this gene in the samples of gastric cancer, gastritis and peptic ulcer was 61.1, 58.3 and 73.3%, respectively. In addition, 57 samples (71%) were Hpa positive, and the frequency of this gene in the samples of gastric cancer, gastritis and peptic ulcer was 55.5, 69.4 and 84.6%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the presence of these genes and the type of H.pylori-related diseases.
Conclusion: Frequency of BabA2 and Hpa genes is higher in the samples of peptic ulcer but there was no significant relationship between these genes and H.pylori-related diseases.
Keywords: BabA2, Hpa, Gastric Cancer, Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer.
Maryam Moradibinabaj , Mohadese Namjoo , Mojgan Nejabat , Hamidreza Joshaghani ,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: The association of Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio with fasting serum insulin, which is an alternative method of insulin resistance (IR) measurement, is well-recognized. Thus, the measurement of TG/HDL-C ratio is useful to determine both IR and dyslipidemia, which itself is a characteristic of individuals with IR. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between TG/HDL ratio as an indicator of IR, with different fasting blood glucose levels.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 343 volunteers with no history of diabetes or use of blood glucose-lowering medications and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels of less than 126 mg/dl. After sampling, the subjects were divided into three groups based on their FBS level. First group included healthy subjects with FBS of less than 100 mg/dl. Second group consisted of subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and FBS of 110-100 mg/dl and a third group including those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and FBS of 110-125 mg/dl.
Results: The amount of TG/HDL-C ratio was 3.8 ± 2.8, 4.0 ± 2.1 and 5.4 ± 3.8 for the healthy group, individuals with IFG and IGT, respectively. The TG/HDL index was significantly different among the tested groups with no significant difference between healthy subjects and subjects with IFG. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the IGT and IFG groups with healthy individuals.
Conclusion: Considering the significant increase of the TG/HDL ratio in groups with impaired glucose, using this index can be helpful in evaluation of glycemic disorder.
Asghar Farghi Yamchi , Mansour Dabirzadeh , Abdolhossein Miri,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (9-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Leishmania major is a flagellate protozoan parasite causing cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although pentavalent antimony compounds are the first-line drugs for leishmaniasis, their application is often accompanied by numerous limitations and side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to seek drugs of herbal origin that have fast-acting benefits and few side effects without resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of methanolic extract of Arctiul lappa root on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major.
Methods: This experimental study evaluated the effects of 10, 100, 500, and 1000 µg/ml of A. lappa root methanol extract on L. major promastigotes using direct cell counting and MTT assay. The mean number of amastigotes in infected macrophages was calculated after 24 and 48 hours.
Results: The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of A. lappa root methanolic extract was 131.25 µg/ml after 24 hours. The mean number of amastigotes in macrophages after 24 hours in the control group and in the A. lappa group with concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/ml were 3.52, 2.02, and 1.27, respectively.
Conclusion: The results show that the methanolic extract of A. lappa root has anti-leishmanial effects on the promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major in vitro.
Keywords: Leishmania Major, Amastigotes, Promastigotes, Arctium.
Saeid Farshbaf Derhami , Mehdi Ghiami Rad , Razzagh Mahmoudi,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (11-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Although antibiotics are commonly used for treatment of infectious diseases, these treatments are often associated with several problems such as unwanted side effects and resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Nasturtium officinale on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes.
Methods: All experiments were performed using the well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of N. officinale against the pathogenic bacteria studied were determined by microdilution method.
Results: In the well diffusion method, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were the most sensitive bacteria with MIC of 8 μg/ml, while E. coli and S. typhimurium were the most resistant bacteria to the aqueous and alcoholic extracts. In addition, the inhibitory activity of the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of N. officinale was higher against gram-positive bacteria compared to gram-negatives. The lowest MIC (6.25 μg/ml) and MBC (12.5 μg/ml) of the plant extract were against S. aureus.
Conclusion: The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of N. officinale affect the growth of gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and L. monocytogenes) but not the gram-negatives (S. typhimurium and E. coli). These extract could be used for treatment of infections.
Keywords: Nasturtium Officinale, Aqueous Extract, Alcoholic Extract, Antibacterial Effect.
Huda Jomma Elkheer Jomma, Mohmmed Omer Abaker Gibreel,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence and frequency distribution of mosquito species in the city of Port Sudan, Sudan.
Methods: After collection of 500 adult mosquitoes from different sectors of the city Port Sudan, they were classified using the morphological keys for identification of mosquitoes.
Results: Overall, 230
Culex quinquefasciatus (46%) were detected in the eastern, central and southern sectors of the city.
Culex sitiens (14.2%) were detected only in the central sector.
Aedes aegypti (32.2%) were detected in all three sectors.
Anopheles funestus (6.6%) were detected in the central and southern sectors.
Conclusion: Cx. quinquefasciatus and
Ae. aegypi are prevalent in all sectors of the city, while
Cx. sitiens is prevalent only in the central sector.
An. funestus is abundant in the central and southern sectors.
Keywords: Culicidae,
Morphological and Microscopic Findings, Eastern Sudan.
Mohammad Hassan Khadem Ansari , Khadije Meghrazi ,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Obesity is a health problem defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue. Adipokines such as adiponectin, visfatin and resistin are bioactive polypeptides with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties that are secreted by the adipose tissue that are involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer. This survey aimed to review the role of these hormones in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer in obese postmenopausal women. In obese individuals, increased level of leptin leads to tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer though JAK/STAT3 pathway. These individuals have decreased level of adiponectin, which has a protective effect against carcinogenesis via AMPK pathway. Obese individuals also have increased level of visfatin, which induces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and triggers growth of cancer cells. Similarly, elevated resistin levels increases cell proliferation through PI3K and MAPK pathways. Obesity is associated with the dysregulated secretion of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and resistin, which could be utilized for early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Keywords: Obesity, Breast Cancer, Adiponectin, Leptin, Visfatin, Resistin.
Katayoon Nofouzi , Alaleh Rakhshanpoor, Reza Asadpour,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a widely distributed disease in cattle, goats and sheep. The infection is often subclinical in cattle, leading to reduced milk production and quality, but acute catarrhal or even gangrenous inflammation may also occur. The aim of this study was to investigate resistance of S. aureus isolates from bovine subclinical mastitis to a number of antibiotics.
Methods: Milk samples were collected from 120 cows in different regions of Tabriz, Iran. Milk samples were cultured and bacteriological identification was performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentration. Plasmid DNA was extracted by an alkaline lysis method.
Results: The highest frequency of resistance was observed against gentamicin (100%) and β- lactam antibiotics including amoxicillin (96%), ampicillin (40%) and penicillin (96%). The isolates mostly contained large plasmids, which might harbor acquired antibiotic resistance.
Conclusion: The results confirm the high frequency of antibiotic resistance among staphylococci isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis.
Keywords: Anti-infective Agents, Cattle, Staphylococcus Aureus, Mastitis, Plasmids.
Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini Tabari , Mohammad Reza Youssefi, Bibi Razieh Hosseini Farash , Mohammad Amin Ebrahimi, Niki Nabavi Mousavi , Elham Moghaddas,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (9-2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Due to adverse effects of pentavalent antimonial treatment of visceral leishmaniasis using herbal medicines has received a lot of attention. In this study, we evaluated inhibitory activity of Pelargonium roseum essential oil on growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes, and compared it with that of Glucantime.
Methods: Inhibitory effects of different concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µL/ml) of P. roseum essential oil on the growth of L. infantum promastigotes were studied by MTT assay after 24 and 48 hours. All the data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The effect of the essential oil was later compared with that of standard dose of Glucantime.
Results: After 24 hours, different concentrations of the essential oil had no significant inhibitory effect on promastigotes of L. infantum. After 48 hours, all concentrations except for 1µL/ml showed significant anti-leishmanial activity. In addition, the lowest concentration that had significant inhibitory effect on L. infantum promastigote was 5 µL/ml.
Conclusion: The essential oil of P. roseum has favorable inhibitory activity on the growth of L. infantum promastigotes after 48 hours. This indicates the therapeutic potential of this plant for treatment of leishmaniasis.
Keywords: Leishmania infantum, Pelargonium, Promastigote, Meglumine antimoniate.
