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Abstract Background and Objective: Identification of malignant cells and the type of malignancy in Effusionsis very important. The main aim of this study was to differentiate between reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells and to determine the type of the tumor cells in effusions with the aid of tumor markers Creatine Kinase (CK), EMA and CEA. Material and Methods: Forty serous fluid cytology samples delivered to pathology laboratory of Panje- Azar Hospital (15 were malignant and 25 were suspected for malignancy) were stained by immunocytochemistry technique with the aid of aforementioned tumor markers, CK, EMA and CEA. Results: Of 15 malignancy cases, 13 were positive for three markers and the rest were negative just for CEA. In 25 of suspected to malignancy for EMA: 15 were strongly and 6 weakly positive and 4 were negative for CK : 10 were strongly and 5 weakly positive and 5 cases were negative and for CEA : 5 were strongly and 5 weakly positive and 15 were negative. Conclusion: Totally, % 87.5 of malignant fluid were positive for CK marker and %90 for EMA marker. EMA and CK were found to be the most reliable epithelial markers and very useful in differentiating carcinoma cells from reactive mesithelial cells. In Ten (40%) of the samples suspected to adenocarcinoma, CEA was positive and this indicate that CEA can be an important reference for identifying malignant effusions. Keywords: Monoclonal Antibody Cytokeratin Epithelial Memberane Antigen Carcinoemberyonic Antigen

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Abstract Background and Objective: The excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics will lead to drug resistance of microorganism and specially nosocomial organisms. Because of high incidence of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, we aimed to study antibiotic resistance to gram negative bacteria. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the data of biological samples (2006-2008), with positive culture result. Using antibiogram, microbial resistance to isolated microorganism was determined, and after culturing the samples, bacteria were identified by using differential media and antiserum. Then, antibiotic resistance was performed by disk diffusion. Results: The most common gram-negative microorganism obtained from all cultures was Ecoli with the lowest drug resistance to Nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: Based on the results, antimicrobial resistance pattern is not the same in different places and furthermore it is ever changing. Therefore, further research is needed to be done to have an accurate pattern of antibiotic resistance to provide effective treatment regimens. Key words: Antibiotic Resistance Disk Diffusion Gram Negative Bacteria Gorgan

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Background and objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease caused by the accumulation of large amounts of fat in the hepatocytes. Given that atorvastatin is effective for treatment of NAFLD, the present study investigated effects of high-fat/fructose diet (HFFD) with atorvastatin on liver enzymes and lipid profile in a NAFLD rat model.
Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) normal control, 2) HFFD control, 3) HFFD + atorvastatin, and 4) normal + atorvastatin. The groups received HFFD for 15 weeks to induce hepatosteatosis. Atorvastatin was administrated at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Lipid profile and liver enzymes were measured after eight weeks of intervention.
Results: Triglyceride, cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and aspartate transaminase were significantly reduced in the HFFD + atorvastatin group compared with the HFFD control group. In addition, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were significantly increased in the normal + atorvastatin group compared with the normal control group. Low-density lipoprotein increased significantly in the HFFD + atorvastatin group and the normal + atorvastatin group compared with other groups. There was a significant difference in the alanine transaminase levels between the groups taking atorvastatin. In fact, alanine transaminase level was lowest in the normal + atorvastatin group.
Conclusion: Atorvastatin improves the lipid profile and fatty liver and controls liver enzymes. Therefore, it can be used with caution to improve the lipid profile and reduce the complications of NAFLD.