Showing 53 results for Exercise
Ali Salehi, Hajar Abaszadeh, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is an enzyme involved in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of continuous exercise and resveratrol supplementation on insulin resistance and expression of PDK4 in the soleus muscle of elderly rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: After inducing diabetes in 42 old male rats (mean weigh: 250-300 g, aged about two years), the rats were randomly divided into six groups: healthy control, diabetic control, continuous exercise, supplementation, continuous exercise + supplementation and sham. The continuous exercise group was subjected to eight weeks of running, five sessions a week. Daily 20 mg/Kg body weight resveratrol supplementation was administered to the supplementation and supplementation + exercise groups. To evaluate insulin resistance, the HOMA-IR insulin resistance index was calculated as the product of insulin (μIU/mL) and glucose (mmol/L) divided by 22.5. Expression of the PDK4 gene in the soleus muscle was analyzed by RT-PCR. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23 using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Resveratrol alone or combined with continuous exercise significantly increased PDK4 expression and slightly decreased insulin resistance in the subjects.
Conclusion: Our results show that diabetes is associated with reduced PDK4 expression and increased insulin resistance. These effects can be effectively reversed in the soleus muscle of elderly diabetic rats by resveratrol supplementation alone or combined with continuous exercise.
Somayeh Ramezani, Maghsoud Peeri, Mohammad Ali Azarbaijani, Firoozeh Dehghan,
Volume 13, Issue 5 (9-2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Exercise is a strong physiological stimulus that can affect apoptosis in the lungs by altering a number of extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. The present study examined effects of regular aerobic exercise and vitamin D on expression of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in lung tissues of male rats exposed to hydrogen peroxide.
Methods: Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups of eight, including 2 x H 2 O 2, 2H 2 O 2, Vit D (2HD), 2H2O2 + Regular Exercise Training (2HE), 2H2O2 + D3 + E (2HDE) ; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and control (C). Subjects in the training groups performed aerobic exercise for eight weeks. Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression in the lung tissues was measured using RT-PCR.
Results: Bcl-2 expression in the exercise (P = 0.004) and vitamin D (P = 0.006) groups increased significantly compared to the control groups. Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression was significantly lower in the exercise group and vitamin D supplementation group compared to the control group. On the other hand, concurrent exercise and vitamin D significantly reduce Bax expression but had no significant effect on Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that regular aerobic exercise along with vitamin D supplementation may play a role in reducing apoptosis in lungs following severe oxidative stress.
Keywords: Apoptosis, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3, Aerobic Exercise, Vitamin D
Mohtaram Yazdanian, Mahtab Moazami, Mohammad Shabani, Sadegh Cheragh Birjandi,
Volume 13, Issue 6 (11-2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Cerebral ischemia causes irreversible structural and functional damage in certain areas of the brain, especially in the hippocampus. The aim of this study was to examine effects of exercise preconditioning on neuronal cell death and expression of neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampal CA1 region following transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rat.
Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g) were randomly divided into three groups (control+healthy, control+ischemia and exercise+ischemia). The rats in the exercise group ran on a treadmill five sessions a week for eight weeks. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 45 minutes. Cresyl violet staining was performed to assess cell death, and real-time PCR was carried out to evaluate expression of NT-4 and TrkB.
Results: Cerebral ischemia was associated with significant neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region (P<0.05). Exercise significantly decreased the ischemia-induced cell death (P<0.05). NT-4 expression was significantly lower in the control+ischemia group and in the exercise+ischemia group compared to the control+healthy group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the control+ischemia group and the exercise+ischemia group in terms of NT-4 expression (P˃0.05). Moreover, TrkB expression did not differ significantly between the groups (P˃0.05).
Conclusion: When used as a preconditioning stimulant before the induction of cerebral ischemia, exercise could have neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-induced cell death, but it has no significant effect on NT-4 and TrkB expression.
Keywords: Exercise Preconditioning, Ischemia/Reperfusion, NT-4, TrkB, Cell death.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Cerebral ischemia causes irreversible structural and functional damage in certain areas of the brain, especially in the hippocampus. The aim of this study was to examine effects of exercise preconditioning on neuronal cell death and expression of neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampal CA1 region following transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rat.
Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g) were randomly divided into three groups (control+healthy, control+ischemia and exercise+ischemia). The rats in the exercise group ran on a treadmill five sessions a week for eight weeks. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 45 minutes. Cresyl violet staining was performed to assess cell death, and real-time PCR was carried out to evaluate expression of NT-4 and TrkB.
Results: Cerebral ischemia was associated with significant neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region (P<0.05). Exercise significantly decreased the ischemia-induced cell death (P<0.05). NT-4 expression was significantly lower in the control+ischemia group and in the exercise+ischemia group compared to the control+healthy group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the control+ischemia group and the exercise+ischemia group in terms of NT-4 expression (P˃0.05). Moreover, TrkB expression did not differ significantly between the groups (P˃0.05).
Conclusion: When used as a preconditioning stimulant before the induction of cerebral ischemia, exercise could have neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-induced cell death, but it has no significant effect on NT-4 and TrkB expression.
Keywords: Exercise Preconditioning, Ischemia/Reperfusion, NT-4, TrkB, Cell death.
Samira Oladazimi, Parvin Farzanegi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayejani,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) are considered as important factors contributing to knee osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Here, we compared therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), ozone and exercise training alone and combined on expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 in rats with knee OA.
Methods: Knee OA was induced by a surgical method. Rats with OA were then randomly divided into several groups, including model, MSCs, ozone, exercise, MSCs + ozone, MSCs + exercise, ozone + exercise and MSCs + ozone + exercise groups. Expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 genes was evaluated using RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS software at significance of 0.05.
Results: Expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 differed significantly between the study groups (P<0.0001). Knee OA was significantly associated with overexpression of MMP-13 and ALK5 in the cartilage tissue of rats with knee OA. Combined therapy with MSCs, ozone and exercise significantly decreased the expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 in the cartilage of rats with OA (P<0.001). Although MSCs, ozone and exercise training were effective to mitigate expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 genes, ozone therapy was more effective compared to the other two therapies.
Conclusion: Although ozone, MSCs and exercise training alone could decrease the expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 genes, combined therapy with MSC, ozone and exercise is more effective.
Keywords: Osteoarthritis, O3, MSCs, exercise, MMP-13, ALK5.
Alireza Barari, Faeghe Dehghani Pour, Ahmad Abdi, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic hepatic disease characterized by fat accumulation inside hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of exercise training and resveratrol supplementation on activin A and follistatin levels in rats with NAFLD under a high-fat diet.
Methods: Fifty-six old (40-50 weeks) male Wistar rats were assigned to a healthy control group and seven experimental NAFLD groups: 1. high-fat diet, 2. saline, 3. resveratrol supplementation, 4. continuous exercise, 5. interval exercise, 6. continuous exercise+ resveratrol supplementation and 7. interval exercise+ resveratrol supplementation. Rats in the resveratrol supplementation groups were given 25 mg/kg of body weight intraperitoneal injection of resveratrol daily. Exercises were performed five days a week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSS (version 21) using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test at significance of 0.05.
Results: Exercise training and resveratrol supplementation significantly decreased plasma activin A level and increased activin A expression (P<0.05). Plasma level of follistatin was significantly higher in rats under a high-fat diet compared to healthy control animals. All exercise and supplementation groups alone and combined lowered follistatin levels. However, follistatin mRNA expression increased significantly after resveratrol supplementation alone, continuous exercise+ resveratrol supplementation, and interval exercise+ resveratrol supplementation.
Conclusion: Resveratrol has a beneficial effect on activin A and follistatin levels in rats with NAFLD. In addition, resveratrol supplementation combined with exercise training may have greater health benefits for NAFLD patients compared to resveratrol supplementation or exercise training alone.
Keywords: Exercise,
Resveratrol,
Activin A,
Follistatin, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Fatemeh Fakhri, Abdolhamid Habibi, Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh, Rohollah Ranjbar,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: It has been shown that low intensity physical activity rarely increases bone density or renewal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate effects of four weeks of plyometric training with and without vascular occlusion on serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), as markers of bone formation and bone degeneration in inactive girls.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted 36 inactive female students aged 23.84±1.096 years with a mean body mass index of 22.59±0.52 kg/m2 who were randomly divided into a plyometric training group without blood flow restriction, a plyometric training group with blood flow restriction and a control group. The experimental groups performed four weeks of plyometric training (three sessions per week), while the control group did not perform any exercise. Blood samples were obtained 48 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session. Measurement of BALP and CTX was carried out using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Collected data were analyzed using t-test and one-way analysis of variance. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 23) and at significance level of ≤ 0.05.
Results: The level of BALP was significantly higher in the low intensity exercise with blood flow restriction group compared to the control group (P=0.005) and the low intensity exercise group without blood flow restriction (P=0.003). The BALP/CTX ratio, as marker of bone metabolism, increased significantly following low intensity exercise with blood flow restriction compared with the other groups (P<0.05). However, low intensity exercise without blood flow restriction induced no significant change in the studied indices.
Conclusion: Plyometric training with blood flow restriction could be as effective as high intensity training for improving bone metabolism and turnover, particularly in inactive individuals.
Reza Bagheri, Samane Darroudi, S Mojtaba Hosseini, Hossein Nikkar, Fatemeh Khodadadi, Somayye Kasraee, Mahbube Sazegar, Amir Rashidlamir,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. High level of plasma lipids including cholesterol and triglycerides is one of the most important risk factors of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that three members of the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (ABCG4, ABCG5 and ABCG8) are involved in transporting sterols across membranes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) and aerobic exercise (AE) on expression of the ABCG4, ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes in female athletes.
Methods: Twenty-four female athletes from the Khorasan Province (Iran) were randomly selected and assigned into three groups: control (N=8), AE (N=8) and HIRT (N=8). The subjects in the HIRT group and the AE group performed exercise at intensity of 75-80% of 1-repetion maximum and 75-80% of maximum heart rate, respectively. Blood samples were collected at baseline and immediately after the exercise session. After isolation of lymphocytes by centrifugation and purification of mRNA, gene expression changes were investigated by Real-Time-PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey's test.
Results: Both training protocols significantly increased the expression of ABCG4, ABCG5 and ABCG8 in the subjects (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the expression of these genes between the experimental groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: A single session of HIRT and AE may have beneficial effects on prevention of atherosclerosis.
Seyedeh Tahereh Haeri, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Maghsoud Peeri,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prolonged exercise can reduce physiological capacities and cause DNA damage by inducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Aerobic exercise reduces the risk of cancer by activating DNA repair enzymes and reducing oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise with and without vitamin D supplementation on DNA damage.
Methods: Forty-eight adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: control (C), H2O2 (H), H2O2 and vitamin D (HD), H2O2 and exercise (HE), H2O2,, vitamin D and exercise (HDE), and dimethyl sulfoxide. Cancer was stimulated through intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 (2 mmol/kg). Animals in groups HE and HDE ran on treadmill for eight weeks. Concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using SPSS 22 at significance level of 0.05.
Results: Vitamin D supplementation significantly lowered the level of 8-OHdG expression compared to the control group (P=0.0001). The 8-OHdG expression in the exercise group was slightly lower than control group (P=0.063). Combination of exercise and vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on expression of 8-OHdG (P=0.281). Both exercise and vitamin D supplementation significantly increased MGMT expression compared to the control group (P=0.0001 and P=0.040). However, combination of exercise and vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on MGMT expression (P=0.326).
Conclusion: The results showed that aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation can have protective effects against DNA damage, possibly by increasing antioxidant capacity and DNA repair.
Mohtaram Yazdanian, Mahtab Moazzami, Mohammad Shabani, Sadegh Cheragh Birjandi,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Cerebral ischemia causes irreversible structural and functional damages in certain areas of the brain, especially the hippocampus. Evidence indicates that physical exercise may reduce the damages caused by cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 8-week exercise preconditioning on the expression of NT-3 and TrkC genes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus after the cerebral ischemic-reperfusion in male rats.
Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 gr were randomly selected and divided into three groups (healthy control, control + ischemia and exercise + ischemia). Rats in the exercise group ran on a treadmill 5 days per week for 8 weeks. Ischemia by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCA) was created for 45 minutes. In order to evaluate the gene expression, Real time PCR technique was used.
Findings: NT-3 gene expression was significantly different between exercise + ischemia with control + ischemia groups and control + ischemia with healthy control groups (P <0.05), and TrkC gene expression was significantly different between exercise + ischemia with healthy control groups and control + ischemia with healthy control groups (P <0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that exercise before the induction of ischemic stroke increased the NT-3 gene expression but did not influence the TrKC gene expression.
Mehdi Roostaei, Hossein Pirani, Amir Rashidlamir,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (9-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of Myostatin (MSTN) and Follistatin (FLST) gene expression in fast and slow twitch muscles in response to 8 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT). To this end, 12 male 8-week old Wistar rats were randomly classified into two groups of exercise (n=6) and control (n=6). Exercise group performed a progressive HIIT protocol, five times weekly for 8 weeks using alternating sprint running for 30 min/session that divided into three 4min bouts (35-50m/min speed, >90% VO2 max) separated by a 2min active recovery period (30-50% VO2 max). Gene expression levels for MSTN and FLST in Soleus (SOL) and Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were measured by real-time RT-PCR. MSTN mRNA levels has slightly (7%); yet significantly (p<0.001), decreased in SOL muscle, while expression of this gene in EDL muscle decreased (30%) (p<0.001). Moreover, FLST gene expression in SOL muscle increased 31% (p<0.001). Interestingly, level of FLST gene expression in EDL muscle increased 100% compared to control group (p<0.001).The results provide a perspective regarding muscle differentiation in MSTN and FLST and their variation in response to HIIT and suggests that HIIT may be an effective way to decrease adipose tissue by MSTN and FLST regulation in skeletal muscles.
Seyed Mahmud Hejazi, Ladan Hosseni Abrishami,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Evidence has shown that inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of eight weeks of continuous and intermittent aerobic exercise on some inflammatory indices in men with heart failure.
Methods: The effects of continuous aerobic exercise (at 45-70% maximum heart rate) and intermittent aerobic exercise (at 45-80% of maximum heart rate) on the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were evaluated in 42 men with heart failure using commercial ELISA kits. Blood samples were taken after 12 hours of fasting one hour before the first session and 48 hours after the last exercise session. The subjects performed exercises three sessions a week, for eight weeks. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at significance of 0.05.
Results: After the exercise program, serum hs-CRP (P=0.023), IL-6 (P=0.018) and TNF-α (P=0.048) differed significantly between the exercise groups and the control group. In addition, serum levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP decreased slightly in the intermittent aerobic group, but there was no significant difference between the two exercise groups. Intermittent aerobic exercise significantly reduced serum TNF-α level compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Probably aerobic exercise can have positive effects on the level of hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with heart failure.
Exir Vizvari, Parvin Farzanegi, Hajar Abbas Zade ,
Volume 14, Issue 6 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and fetuin A are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, regular physical activity has an important role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of moderate aerobic exercise on serum levels of FGF21 and fetuin A in women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The study was performed on 28 women with type 2 diabetes aged 40-50 years (mean weight: 70.58 ± 2.11) who were randomly divided into an exercise group (n=14) and a control group (n=14). The training intervention consisted of eight weeks of moderate aerobic exercise at 60-70% of maximum heart rate, five times a week. Serum levels of FGF21, fetuin A and some metabolic parameters were evaluated before the first session and 48 hours after the last session. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS (version 24) using repeated measures ANOVA and at significance of 0.05.
Results: The eight-week aerobic training intervention caused a significant increase in FGF21 and insulin sensitivity as well as a significant decrease in fetuin A, fasting blood sugar and HbA1c (P=0.001).
Conclusion: As a complementary therapy, regular aerobic exercise can be beneficial for type 2 diabetes patients in improving some metabolic parameters as well as FGF21 and fetuin A levels.
Hassan Rasouli, Parvin Farzanegi, Hajar Abbaszadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 6 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common arthritic diseases and a main cause of pain and disability. Simultaneous downexpression of paired box 7 (Pax7) and myogenin genes, as indicators of satellite cells activation is evident in osteoarthritis. This study assessed effects of an exercise training course and stem cell injection on the expression of Pax7 and myogenin in gastrocnemius muscle of rats with arthritis.
Methods: Thirty five male rats aged 6–8 weeks and weighing 250–300 g were divided into five groups: control, patient, exercise, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), and exercise+MSC. Osteoarthritis was induced in rats by surgery. The training program consisted of 30 minutes of running on a non-slip treadmill at a speed of 16 m/min. The rats were injected with 1×106 cells/kg MSC. The expression of Pax7 and myogenin was measured by real–time PCR. Data were analysed with SPSS (version 23) using one-way analysis of variance.
Results: Both Pax7 and myogenin were significantly overexpressed in the exercise+MSC group compared to the patient group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The combination of MSC therapy and training had more positive effects on Pax7 and myogenin expression compared to training and MSC therapy alone.
Mehdi Nasiraey, Abdolreza Jafari Chashmi, Seyd Abdollah Hashemvarzi,
Volume 14, Issue 6 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: It has been suggested that irisin and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) can increase energy expenditure, promote weight loss and improve insulin resistance in diabetic patients by affecting white and brown adipose tissues. In this study, we investigate effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cell transplantation and six weeks of aerobic exercise on FNDC5 and irisin levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Forty-eight rats (weighing 220-240 g and aged nine weeks) were divided into six groups of control, sham, diabetes control, diabetes + exercise, diabetes + stem cell and diabetes+ exercise + stem cell. The exercise group ran on running wheel at intensity of 60-70% VO2max, five days a week for six weeks. Next, 1.56 × 106 stem cells extracted from human adipose tissue were injected into the tail vein of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Finally, FNDC5 and irisin plasma levels of the mice were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
Results: FNDC5 and irisin levels reduced significantly in the diabetes control group (P=0.0001). FNDC5 levels in the diabetes + exercise + stem cell and the exercise group increased significantly compared to the diabetes control group (P=0.0001). The irisin level in the diabetes + stem cell + exercise group, exercise group and stem cell group increased significantly compared to the diabetes control group (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: The results indicate that aerobic exercise program and stem cell therapy alone and combined can significantly increase plasma irisin levels. Given the favorable effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cell injection and aerobic exercise on FNDC5 and irisin levels, this strategy could be further evaluated in coping with the adverse effects of diabetes on metabolism and aging
Hadi Alinejad, Asieh Abbassi Daloii, Parvin Farzanegi, Ahmad Abdi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of regular aerobic training and hyaluronic acid on cardiac tissue Wnt signaling pathway in experimental model of knee OA.
Methods: 42 male rats were divided into 6 groups (7 in each group): 1) control, 2) patient, 3) salin, 4) HA, 5) exercise, and 6) exercise + HA. In the training groups, the OA model was first induced, followed by 5 days of running on the treadmill for 5 weeks. Hyaluronic acid was injected intra-articularly. After 12 to 14 hours of fasting and 72 hours after the last training session, cardiac tissue sampling was performed for β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3β) analysis. The expression of the β-catenin and GSK-3β genes in the cardiac tissue was analyzed by RT-PCR. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA if a significant difference was observed by Tukey's post hoc test (P <0.05).
Results: Induction of OA in rats led to a significant increase in β-catenin gene and a significant decrease in cardiac tissue GSK3 gene compared to healthy control group. The results also showed that regular aerobic training, hyaluronic acid injection, and a combination of both treatments reduced the cateninβ gene and increased the cardiac tissue GSK3 gene compared to the rats of OA group.
Conclusion: Regular aerobic training in combination with hyaluronic acid may exert its protective effect by reducing the expression of β-catenin and increasing the expression of cardiac tissue GSK-3β gene ; this may be caused by the heart disease in the model, empirically preventing osteoarthritis.
Aghil Sadighi, Ahmad Abdi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Alireza Barari,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cardiac apoptosis is one of the most important cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We aimed to investigate the changes of Bax, Bcl2 and caspase 3 in cardiac tissue of diabetic rats after six weeks aerobic exercise.
Methods: Thirty two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into healthy control, diabetes control and diabetes + exercise groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution (55 mg/kg). Two weeks after the injection, fasting blood glucose levels were measured to confirm induction of diabetes. The exercise program was performed five days a week for six weeks. Variables were evaluated by ELISA and western blot analysis. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS (version 22) using ANOVA and at significance of 0.05.
Results: The induction of diabetes in the control groups resulted in a significant increase in Bax, Bax/Bcl2 ratio and a significant decrease in Bcl2 levels (P=0.024). The six-week training exercise in diabetic groups significantly decreased Bax and Bax/Bcl2 ratio and significantly increased Bcl2 (P=0.018).
Conclusion: Our finding showed that diabetes could increase apoptosis in cardiac tissue. In addition, the six-week aerobic exercise can be used as a non-pharmacological strategy to reduce diabetes-related apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
Babak Biniaz, Hajar Abaszadeh, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Osteoarthritis is the result of a defect in synovial membrane-covered joint tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of glucosamine sulfate alone and combined with moderate intensity exercise on serum levels of CS 846 epitope and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in a rat model of osteoarthritis.
Methods: In this study, after inducing osteoarthritis in 42 male Wistar rats (weighting 250±300 g, aged 8 to 12 weeks), the rats were randomly divided into five groups: control-healthy, control-patient, patient-exercise, patient-glucosamine and patient-glucosamine-exercise. The training program consisted of 30 minutes of running on a non-slip treadmill at speed of 16 m/min in the first week with progressive overload principle reaching 50 minutes by the eighth week. The glucosamine groups received oral glucosamine sulfate (250 mg/kg/day) once a day for eight consecutive weeks. The serum levels of CS 846 epitope and COMP were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. All statistical analyses were performed in GraghPad prism 8 and at significance level of 0.05.
Results: Combined exercise and glucosamine supplementation caused a significant decrease in the COMP and CS846
levels. This decrease was more profound compared to that of glucosamine and exercise alone.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings of the present study showed that osteoarthritis increases serum COMP and CS 846 levels. In addition, glucosamine supplementation combined with exercise can significantly improve knee osteoarthritis in rats.
Rokhsareh Moosavi, Amir Rashidlamir, Rambod Khajeie, Mahmoud Hejazi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of mortality worldwide. The present study aimed to compare two different cardiac rehabilitation protocols on ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1) lymphocyte expression and blood lipid profile in middle-aged men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Methods: Forty five middle-aged men who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass surgery were randomly divided into three groups of control (C; n=15), aerobic training (AT; n=15) and combined training (CT; n=15). Blood samples were taken before the first and after the last exercise sessions. After isolation of mononuclear cells using Ficoll and mRNA purification, gene expression changes were examined by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests.
Results: Eight weeks of training intervention resulted in a significant increase in ABCG1 expression as well as a significant decrease in plasma levels of LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol in both training groups. However, there was no significant difference between the AT and CT groups. In addition, high-density lipoprotein was significantly increased in the AT and CT groups.
Conclusion: Both AT and CT can increase plasma LDL and increase ABCG1 expression and HDL concentrations, indicating the positive effects of both interventions on the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Shiva Bahram Vash Shams, Parvin Farzanegi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjany,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Oxidative stress is the most important pathophysiological cause of diseases. Studies have shown that exercise and supplementation with medicinal plants have limited side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of aerobic exercise and ethanolic extract of purslane seed on ATP, O-6-Methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) levels in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide.
Methods: In this experimental trial, 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups: (1) control + H2O2 , (2) aerobic exercise, (3) aerobic exercise and 50 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (4) aerobic exercise and 200 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (5) aerobic exercise and 400 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (6) 50 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (7) 200 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (8) 400 mg/kg purslane seed extract, and (9) healthy control. Oxidative stress was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mmol/kg hydrogen peroxide three times a week for eight weeks. Aerobic exercise was performed three sessions a week for eight weeks, and the purslane seed extract was intraperitoneally injected daily at the mentioned doses.
Results: Aerobic exercise and purslane seed extract alone or combined significantly increased ATP, MGMT and significantly reduced MDA and PAB levels in cardiac tissue of rats exposed to hydrogen peroxide (P<0.05). Moreover, the effect of purslane seed extract was dose dependent.
Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise and purslane seed extract supplementation have synergistic cardioprotective effects under oxidative stress.
Maryam Parvizifar, Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh, Saeid Shakerian, Heshmatollah Tavakol,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: As a chronic inflammatory airway disease, asthma can increase level of markers of inflammation and muscle damage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term continuous aerobic exercise combined with vitamin D supplementation on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels in asthmatic women.
Methods: In this study, 30 overweight (body mass index=26.97± 1.24 kg/m2) women with mild to moderate asthma were purposefully selected.. The subjects received a vitamin D tablet with a daily dose of 1000 IU for six weeks. The training protocol consisted of two sessions of Balke treadmill test (one session before and one session after the vitamin D supplementation). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the exercise and before and after vitamin D supplementation. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate changes in the levels of hs-CRP, CK and LDH.
Results: The variables were not significantly affected by the exercise and vitamin D supplementation (P>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that a single session of short-term aerobic exercise and six weeks of vitamin D supplementation do not significantly affect hs-CRP, CK and LDH levels in asthmatic women.
