Tejas Contractor, Himali Thakkar, Anupama Dayal, Sandesh Agrawal, Hani Patel,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background And Objectives: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) lesions are significant contributors to morbidity, with endoscopy serving as a crucial minimally invasive tool for their visualization and biopsy. This study explores the demographic patterns of upper GI lesions by age, sex, and biopsy site, comparing the prevalence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions across the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, while underscoring the importance of early detection and management.
Method: This cross sectional retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care center in Gujarat, India, July2019 to October 2021. A total of 104 upper GIT biopsies were included and were categorized based on age, sex, site, endoscopic findings and histomorphology. Histopathological analysis involved routine processing, staining and microscopic examination by histopathologist.
Result: Out of 104 endoscopic biopsies, the majority were from the 46-55 age group, followed by 66-75, with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Oesophageal biopsies were most common (48%). Non-neoplastic lesions (52.8%) were predominant, with duodenitis (48%) and celiac disease (33.3%) most frequent. Neoplastic lesions (47.1%) were prevalent in the esophagus (36.5%), primarily squamous cell carcinoma. Gastric biopsies showed benign lesions like gastritis more than malignant, with adenocarcinoma most common. Endoscopic findings included thickening, scalloping, nodularity, polyps, or fragile growths, emphasizing the diversity of upper GIT lesions and the need for early detection and treatment.
Conclusion: The study emphasizes biopsies' crucial role in promptly diagnosing esophageal malignancies and identifying premalignant conditions like Barrett's esophagus for timely intervention. It reaffirms the pivotal role of endoscopic biopsy in clinical management, stressing the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach.
