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Abstract Background and Objective: Having knowledge about potential risks and the usage of safety equipment in laboratories can decrease the risk of occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predisposing factors for occupational exposure and to assess the usage of safety equipment among personnel of medical diagnostic laboratories in Birjand. Material and Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, all staff of laboratories was assessed by using a questionnaire including demographic data, type of accidental exposures and the use of protective equipment. Using SPSS software, we analyzed the data. Results: Of 110, 84 (76%) have at least one accidental exposure to patients’ specimens in that 55% of accidents are related to sample preparation step. In 82% of contacts, carelessness is the underlying cause of exposure. Gown, glove, fume hood and mouth mask are routinely used by 97%, 48%, 34%, 1% of personnel, respectively. Nearly all of (97%) personnel were vaccinated against hepatitis B and 78% of them have performed routine blood test for detecting any infections. Conclusion: The results of current study show that accidental exposures to patients’ samples are common among personnel of medical diagnostic laboratories. The level of preventive education and the rate of safety equipment usage are low therefore, we recommend planning of some training sessions to persuade the personnel for using safety equipment. Keywords: Medical laboratory, Occupational Exposure, Specimens, Vaccination

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Abstract Background and Objective: Imbalance Between antioxidant defensive system and increased production of free radicals leads to oxidative stress that can be effective in making cellular damage and causing some diseases such as diabetes. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of eight-week purslane extract consumption on some peroxidant and antioxidants indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The Participants were 16 women with type 2 diabetes who had not the history of once a week regular physical activity program, in previous five years. They were randomly divided into two groups of experimental, purslane supplementation for eight weeks, and control. Blood sampling was performed in two stages. Results: After eight weeks of purslane consumption, resting levels of MDA, SOD and CAT in Supplementation group showed a significant decrease compared to those of control group. Conclusion: Purslane consumption can improve peroxidant/antioxidant balance in women with type2 diabetes. Key words: Purslane, Peroxidant Balance, Antioxidant, Type 2 Diabetes

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Abstract Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiomyopathic changes, can be mediated by an oxidative stress. We aimed to study the effects of regular aerobic training and arbutin supplementation on total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant (TAS) status in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Material and Methods: fourty-two male Wistar rats with an average weight of 195 to 220 gr were randomly divided into 6 groups (7 rats per group) of control, diabetes, Arbutin, diabetes + Arbutin, diabetes + aerobic training and diabetes + aerobic training + Arbutin. Swimming training protocol consisted of 5 days/week for 6 weeks and each session was 5-36 min/day. Diabetes was induced with alloxan intraperitoneally and Arbutin (50 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously. Results: Induced- diabetes significantly increased TOS and decreased TAS in rat heart tissue (P = 0.000). Six weeks of supplementation with Arbutin, aerobic training and combination of aerobic training and Arbutin supplementation were associated with a significant decrease in TOS (88%, 91% ,103% Respectively ) and increase in TAS (33% ,62% ,67% Respectively ). Conclusion: Compared to arbutin, aerobic training can be more effective in creating adaptation in the antioxidant defense system. Keywords: Aerobic Training, Arbutin, Total Oxidant Status, Total Antioxidant Status, Diabetes.