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The Oropharyngeal Bacterial Colonization of Patients with Endotracheal Tube
M Azimi, Sh Moghadam, L Jouybari, N Bahnampour, Ea Ghaemi, M Hesam, M Bazori, A Sanagoo,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (summer 2014[PERSIAN] 2014)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Bacterial colonization in upper respiratory airways is one of the major risk factors for the development of the ventilator–associated pneumonia (VAP), which is the most common and serious hospital-acquired infection in intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of oropharyngeal microorganisms of patients with tracheal tube hospitalized in ICU. Material and Methods: Of 39 patients hospitalized in ICU of panje Azar Hospital, the oropharyngeal cultures were taken after admission. The samples were evaluated for growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pneumococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and E-coli. Results: The mean age of the patients (21 men, 18 women) was 43.64±15.01. The culture was positive in 28.2% and the most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3%). Conclusion: Pseudomonas, which is the main pathogen for ventilator- associated pneumonia, may be a potential threat for the patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Keywords: Microbial Colonization, Endotracheal Tube, Intensive Care Unit, Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
Comparison of Disc Diffusion, Broth Microdilution and Modified Hodge Test Susceptibility Testing Of Escherichia coli Isolates to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Hesam Alizade , Fatemeh Fallah , Reza Ghanbarpour , Hosein Goudarzi , Hamid Sharifi , Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Mar,Apr2016 2016)
Abstract

ABSTRACT

        Background and Objective: One of the main tasks of clinical microbiology laboratories is to determine antibiotic resistance profiles in common pathogens and ensure the selection of effective antibiotics for certain infections. The aim of this study was to compare the methods of disk diffusion, broth microdilution and modified Hodge test in Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infection and diarrhea for susceptibility testing against beta-lactam antibiotics in Kerman, Iran.

        Methods: In this study, 432 E. coli isolates were collected from diarrhea (216 isolates) and urinary tract infection samples (216 isolates). The antibiotic susceptibility testing methods of disk diffusion, broth microdilution and modified Hodge test were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

      Results: The findings of disk diffusion method showed that resistance to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefepime and imipenem was 51.15%, 30.55%, 24.30%, 15.27% and 1.85%, respectively. In the disk diffusion test, 51.15% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, all of which were later evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Moreover, 52.94%, 17.19%, 13.12% and 0.90% of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and imipenem, respectively. All of the isolates were evaluated for the production of carbapenemase enzyme by the modified Hodge test and none of the isolates were found as positive.

       Conclusion: This study shows that performing carbapenem tests is very challenging, and laboratories are recommended to use secondary and independent antibiotic susceptibility tests such as modified Hodge test to confirm the carbapenem-resistant results.


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