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Abstract Background & Objectives: Thalassemia syndromes isone of the inherited disorders in which one or more globulin chains are affected. On the basis of clinical symptoms, thalassemias are categorized as minor, intermediate, and major. Minor beta -thalassemia is a mild microcytic hypo chromic anemia in most cases asymptomatic and HbA2 is more than normal. Materials & Methods: This study carried out on 813 blood samples obtained from male high school students of Aliabad Katool, in the north of Iran. After detecting red blood cell indices of the subjects whose MCV was less than 80fl HbA study performed. Results: The MCV of 8.24% of the subjects was less than 80fl.34 of 67 had HbA2 of less than 3.5 %(normal) while the rest more than 3.5%(minor). Conclusions: Since about 50% of microcytic anemic patients were the carrier of beta-thalassemia and it is highly Prevalent in this region (4.06%), we recommend to investigate HbA2 in people with MCV less than 80 fl. Keyword: Thalassemia, Thalassemia minor, HbA2, Iran

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Abstract Background and Objective: Airborne fungi have been proposed as the most common cause of some adverse health effects such as skin, eye and respiratory disorders therefore, we carried out an aerobiological study to determine fungal seasonal frequency in the air of Zahedan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The air samples (n=1080) of this descriptive cross sectional study were obtained, in different hours, from different urban places of zahedan in 2001, and studied via sabouraud dextrose agar(S.D.A). Results: 1917 colonies were found in the 1080 studied plates and indicated that the most Common fungi were aspergillus(41%), penicillium(33%) and rhizopus(6.8%), based on chi square, The fungal frequencies in the evening(39.3%), at noon(38.2%) and in the morning(22.5%) were not statistically different . Highly contaminated area was down town (Bazar) and then hospitals. There was significant correlation (p<0.001) between fungal frequency and the seasons- winter (15.9%) and summer (31.4%). Conclusion:
Based on the results, we suggest strongly improving environmental hygienic condition of the buildings and passages and rapid waste material disposal. It seems that the most effective strategy in decreasing fungal disorder is performing some educational programs. Keywords: Fungal agents, air, Zahedan.

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Abstract Background & Objectives: Giardia lamblia is one of the most common protozoa in human being throughout the world. The different isolates of this parasite have various potential pathogenicity. Clinical demonstrations of Giardiasis are acute diarrhea, chronic diarrhea syndrome and malabsorbtion.The aim of this study has been the observation of the different kinds of clinical features in patients with Giardia lamblia referred to the Hamadan faculty of medicine, 2004- 2005 Materials & Methods: The fecal samples of 274 patients referred to Hamadan faculty of medicine were examined via direct and Formol- Eter methods. By a questionnaire, the subjects’ clinical manifestations were recorded and then analyzed. Results: In this study, 20.4% of the patients (55.4% male, 44.6% female) were infected with Giardia. 46.5% of them complained of abdominal pain. The prevalence of Giardia was 30.8 %( 6-10 years) and 23.1% (1-5 years). The most common signs observed were abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting, respectively. Conclusion: The most common sign observed in this study was abdominal pain, partially similar to studies carried out in other parts of Iran and the world too. Key word: Giardiasis, Clinical Signs,Epidemioloy,Hamadan

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Abstrac t

Background and Objectives:

pathogenic species of vibrio. It is a salt-requiring organism. It cases

watery diarrhea often with abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting and

fever. This study was performed to assess the seawater samples of

Caspian coastal regions.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of

Materials and methods:

APW and TCBS agar media and then biochemistry tests were used to

distinguish vibrio parahemolytic.

Methods used to isolate this organism were

Results:

parahaemolyticus(

Gaz and the rest from khomishan region.)

Of 73 seawater samples, we could isolate 32 Vibrio16 of them from Bandar Turkmen, 10 of Bandar

found abundantly in Caspian coastal regions.

Conclusion: This study indicated that Vibrio parahaemolyticus can be

parahaemolyticus, distribution,

Key words: Southeastern Caspian coastal regions, Vibrio

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Abstract Background and objectives :Epidemic dysentery, which can be caused by different organisms, is a major problem in developing countries. The cause variability and drug resistance make the treatment difficult. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella in Isfahan reference laboratory. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study,200 stool samples referred to Isfahan Reference Laboratory were examined to detect possible microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivity. Results:The Shigella and Salmonella infections rates were 17% and 0.5%. Shigella which is the most frequent cultured organism(97% of bacterial samples) includes: 79% Sd1, 15% Shigella Flexneri and 5% Shigella Sunnei. None of the samples was infected by Ecoli O157H7 or Entamoeba histolitica. The most effective ntibioticwas Ciprofloxacin (no resistance was seen to this antibiotic). Conclusion: The most important cause of bacterial dysentery in this study was shigellosis (sd1). Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, Amoxiclav and Cotrimoxasole was quite high. This necessitates avoiding to empirical treatment of dysentery. Keywords: Dysentery, Antibiotic resistance, Salmonella, Shigella, Ecoli

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Abstract Background and objective: Exposure of red blood cells to oxygen radicals can induce Lipid proxidation, hemoglobin damage and hemolysis of erythrocyte .The present study was designed to determine the alteration of plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase enzyme activities in stored blood and to find out the quantitative alterations and the useful length of stored blood. Materials and Methods: First, the whole blood form 10 donors was taken. Then Red Blood Cells(RBC) were counted, the levels of Potassium(P) and lactate dehydrogenate activity(LDH) were measured to determine the amount of hemolysis, the plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase(GPx) were studied for determination of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities at the days of 0,1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33 and 35 of the storage. Results: upon storage time, the plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Potassium and lactate dehydrogenate activity increased (P< 0.05) whereas erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase enzyme activities and Red Blood Cells decreased (P< 0.05). The alterations of MDA, SOD, GPx, P, LDH and RBC in the measurement days were as follows: MDA, P and LDH significantly increased at the day of 9, 5 and 5 whereas SOD,
GPx and RBC decreased at the day of 11, 7 and 29 respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the increased level of MDA and decreased SOD and GPx in stored blood can cause the beginning of hemolysis of erythrocyte therefore, it is necessary to control these factors before storing the donated blood. Keywords: lipid peroxidation, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase

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Abstract Background and objectives: Poor oral hygiene in elderly people increases the colonization of opportunistic pathogens such as Candida and Staphylococci. The presence of yeasts and bacteria in the oral cavity of elderly people can be harmful and in certain conditions may cause oral and systemic infections. The general purpose of this study was to determine the oral health status, particularly the prevalence of Candida and Staphylococcus species in the oral cavity of elderly people in Yazd. Materials and methods: Oral Saliva was aseptically collected from seventytwo elderly individuals and cultured on selective fungal and bacterial media. The density of isolated microorganisms Such as Candida and Staphylococcus species was determined base on colony forming units (CFU) and identified through the biochemical and microbiological tests. Results: Fifty- eight percent of Candida species isolated from 50 (69.4%) of the subjects were Candida albicans .70.8 percentage of Staphylococcus species isolated from 65 (90.3%) of elderly are Coagulase negative. The Candida colonization in denture users is significantly higher than the elderly without denture (p= 0.001). C. albicans and the Coagulase negative staphylococcus are the most prevalent microorganisms isolated from elderly oral cavity in this study. Conclusion: The elderly have a higher risk of opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. Their oral health care should be improved to protect them from opportunistic infections. Key words: Elderly, Candida, Staphylococcus, oral cavity, Yazd

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Abstract: Introduction: Influenza is highly transmitted disease and vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. This research was designed to study the variation of serum antibody level among the subjects had already been vaccinated against influenza. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytical study, which was carried out on 196 subjects who had influenza vaccination (influvac 2005/2006) and 200 subjects matched by the vaccinated subjects, by age. The subject's serums were prepared seven weeks after influenza vaccination, and the control group's serums were also prepared. The serum antibody level was determined by haemaglutination inhibition test. Results: The mean age of case group is 52.2±11 and control group 48.64±5.17.The antibody titre of 115 of Vaccinated group and 15 of control is less than 40 1 The mean antibody titer of vaccinated subjects and control group is 143.4 ± 10.89 and 18.34± 3.2, respectively. The difference is statistically significant (P value=0.000). Conclusion: The findings show that the mean titer of antibody in vaccinated and control group is statistically different. It means that the influenza vaccine had a good efficacy. Key words: Vaccination, Influenza, Gorgan.

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Abstract Background and objectives: Human T-Lymphocyte Virus-1 (HTLV- 1) is known as the etiologic factor of acute T-Lymphocytic Leukemia (ATL) and tropical spastic paralysis. (TSP). Endemic factors causing infection with Human T Lymphocyte Virus-1 (HTLV-1) is based on environmental, socio-economical and health behaviors of the individuals. This virus is well distributed in families with involved members. Golestan province is located in North West part of Northern Khorasan province that had already been known as an endemic area for HTLV-1. This virus is also known as the main etiologic factor for cancers and ATL, therefore we studied the prevalence of HTLV-1 seroepidemiology in Golestan province. Material and Methods: The subjects selected by cluster sampling were 2034 healthy cases residing in different parts of Golestan province. ELISA method using Dia- pro anti HTLV-1 antibody kits was applied for serological assessment. Western Blot (HTLV BLOT 2.4) was used for confirmation purposes. Results: The subjects aged 38.66±16.54 were 2034 healthy persons. Forty-one point seven of these cases were males and the rest females. Based on ELISA method there were15 HTLV-1 positive cases (0.7%). -1. (0.7%) Six out of 15 were confirmed by western blot method (95%, CI: 0.06-0.53%). The highest prevalence sigllificant) aiology is in the highat rate in 31-40 year old gro0.7%). onclusion: This study shows that HTLV-1 is prevalent in Golestan the same as the other parts of the world. There fere: we urse on performing screening test (HTLV-) on donated blood components before delivering (OK labeling). Key words: HTLV-1, Seroepidemiology, ELISA, Western Blot, Golestan ATL(Acute T lymphocytic Leukemia) Six cases out of 15 were confirmed by western blot method (95%, CI: 0.06-0.53%). The highest prevalence was 2.6% seen in Kalaleh city (east part of the province) [95%, Cl: 0.06-0.53%). There was significant difference between the prevalence of HTLV-1 and the dwelling place. (p=002). HTLV-1 seroepidemiology was in the highest rate in 31-40 year old group (0.7%). Conclusion: This study shows that HTLV-1 is prevalent in Golestan province, the same as the other parts of the world. Therefore, we recommend performing screening test (HTLV-) on donated blood components before delivering (OK labeling). Key words: HTLV-1, Seroepidemiology, ELISA, Western Blot, Golestan province, ATL (Acute T lymphocytic Leukemia)

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Abstract Background and objectives: Candida vaginitis is one of the most infectious diseases which millions of women aged 45-15 years are annually being referred to clinics. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the relationship between Candida Vaginitis and Variables such as age, Contraceptive procedures and the number of labor. Material and Methods: we carried out this descriptive-analytic study on 384 Subjects Selected randomly. We used Statistical test to analyze the data. Results: The highest is related to under thirty-five year old Subjects and the Lowest to under ninety. It has been reported that oral Contraceptive versus other methods is associated with the greatest frequency of Vaginitis (38.9%) and Condom with the lowest. Conclusion: we conclude that the prevalence of Candida Vaginitis in 15-49 year old woman referred to YAZA health care Center is 26.6%. Key Words : Vulvovaginite,Candidiasis,Prevalence

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Abstract Background and objectives: Germ tube-producing ability of C.albicans in human serum is one of the most important virulent factors inducing transformation yeast to mycelia form. This phenomenon can be altered by some environmental and nutritional factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, pH and glucose concentrations in germ tube formation of C. albicans in an in vitro system. Material and Methods: The germ tube production test in human serum (with normal glucose titer) in different temperature, pH, and glucose concentrations was conducted invitro using standard strain of C. albicans (ATCC 10231). The average number of cells with germ tube after 2 hours and the rate of yeastmycelial transition were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Results: Maximum germ tube production rate is seen in temperature of 37°C, pH of 6.5 and glucose concentration of 30 mg/ml (P= 0.0001) and also germ tube is seen in earliest time in these conditions in invitro. Conclusion: It seems that these environmental and nutritional factors in human body particularly in diabetics can make this fungus to produce germ tube and invade to the different tissues. Key words: Candida Albicans, germ tube, in vitro, Temperature, pH, Glucose

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Abstract Background and objectives: Diarrhea is one of the main cases of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) is an emerging diarrheal pathogen that has been associated characteristically with persistent diarrhea among infants, particularly in the developing Counties. Therefore, we decided to study the prevalence of enteroaggregative strain in cases of Diarrhea in Gorgan by PCR method. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 455 subjects suffered from Diarrhea in Gorgan during one year (2005-6). At first, the samples were cultivated on the MacConkey agar and EMB agar media, Then all colony Suspected to E.coli were chosen and their DNA extracted by phenol chloroform method. The result was obtained by the selected primer, PCR method. Results: of 455 samples, Twenty cases (4/4%) including men (12) and woman (8) are positive for EAggEC, 85% of sufferers are under 5 years old (45.8% of them are under one year old). The Prevalence of this gene in Summer , Autumn ,Winter ,Spring are 5.3% , 4.2% , 4.1% and 1.8% ,respectively. Conclusion: Based on the prevalence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) in Diarrheagenic cases in Gorgan (4.4%), we do recommend using molecular methods, which are reliable and less expensive than classic methods, in detecting of microorganisms. Key words: Entroaggregative Escherichia coli, Diarrhea, PCR, Gorgan.

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Abstract Background and objectives: Paranasal sinuses are the common place for infection in children and adults. Early and effective antibiotic treatment is necessary to reduce the infection period and mucosal injuries, and to prevent from the Involvements of orbit or CNS. This article aims to clarify the Serum immunoglobulins accompanying by Sinusitis in Children. Material and Methods: the Subjects of this Cross-Sectional study were 400 patients with paranasal sinusitis confirmed by imaging techniques. The study was conducted in infectious and ENT Clinics of Rasoul Akram hospital in 2003-2004. We measured the Levels of serum immoglobulins including IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE by standard radio-immunodiffusion test, and Compared with normal range of each age group. The data was analyzed by SPSS software (11.5) Results: The Subjects aged 4.42±2.62 are both male (70.7%) and female (29.3%). Maxilla is the most Common Sinus involved. Thirty-eight of them (95%) have increased IgG Level. Forty-four percent of children suffered from rhinosinusitis have been diagnosed with Immune-humoral disorders: the increase of IgE (N=9), Lack of IgA (N=3), decrease of Isolated IgG (N=2), decrease of both IgG and IgA (N=1) and Hyper IgM syndrome (N=3). There is Significant Correlation between different Immunoglobulins and duration of Sinusitis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that an increase of IgE is one of the most Common disorders in children suffering from Sinusitis and the incidence of immunity disorders is higher than the expected rate. Thus, we recommend the Immunologic assessment for Children Contracting with Sinusitis, esp. for protracted one. Key words: Rhinosinusitis, Hypogamma Globulinemia, Resistant Rhinosinusitis, Serum Immunoglobulins

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Abstract Background and Objectives: Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in the world. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the prevalent agents of bacterial diarrhea in most of developing countries. It is usually ignored in routine laboratory test in our country, because it has a difficult investigation method. This article aims to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, in diarrhea samples in Gorgan City (East north of Iran) by PCR Method. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 455 diarrheal samples during one year (2005-06).255 out of them were cultured on Preston media (Himedia co.) on 42°c. DNA Extracted by phenol cholorophorm method was directly carried out on stool samples.16srDNA hipo and asp primers for detection of Campylobacter genus, C.jejuni and C.coli species were used, respectively. In addition, universal primer of 16srDNA was used for control of PCR method. Results: no sample was positive for Campylobacter in culture .only three samples were positive for Campylobacter genus and C.jejuni specific primer but none of them were positive for C.coli .99 samples were positive by universal primer of 16srDNA . Conclusion: The results indicate that C.jejuni isn't a prevalent agent in diarrhea in our region. Key words: Campylobacter jejuni -Gorgan- Diarrhea

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Abstract Background and objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen can establish lethal infections in immunocompromised patients or those exposed to predisposing factors. This bacterium contains a single polar flagellum causing motility, chemotaxis and colonization in acute phase of infection. The flagella filament is made up of a structural protein called flagellin. This study was aimed at determining The frequency of fliC gene in Clinical Samples. Material and Methods: In this study, a pair of specific primer for types of flagellin (a, b type) was designed and by using PCR method its structural gene (fliC) was recognized and amplified in clinical strains. Results: This original primer has appropriate efficiency in diagnostic of pseudomonas aeroginosa flagellum. Our study shows that 85% of the Clinical Samples have a fliC gene. Conclusion: This method can be applied to recognizing of the motile strains, and their antigenic typing, and complete amplification of fliC sequence in order to cloning and expression of recombinant flagellin. Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, flagellin, fliC, PCR

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Abstract Background and objectives: With almost nine million new cases each year, tuberculosis is still one of the most Life-threatening diseases in the World. Distribution of drug resistant strains of M.tuberculosis has a lot of importance. This research was carried out to determine the frequency of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis in strains isolated in Golestan province. Material and Methods: In this cross -sectional study, 104 isolate of M.tuberculosis which isolated from patients referred to Gorgan tuberculosis Health Center, in 2008 were studied. DNA was extracted by Boiling Method. By using PCR method, we determine the M.tubeculosis strain and resistance to Rifampin (Using IS6110 and Gene rpoB primers) and resistance to Isoniazid (Using InhA and KatG primers). As a Gold Standandard, “Proportional method” was performed for 45 Samples. Results: 87 strains were identified as M.tuberculosis. 6.9% of them were resistant to Isoniazid, 4.6% to Rifampin and 2.3% to both (MDR).Sensitivity and Specifity of PCR method in detection of resistant to Isoniazid were 95.3% and 57.1% and for Rifampin were 94.7% and 33.3%. Conclusion: We found that in our region, the MDR is not very common. More than 16% of isolated strains from tuberculosis suspected patients were MOTT, for this reason it is necessary to mention that use biochemical or PCR method to determine M.tuberculosis is necessary. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MDR, PCR, Proportional method , Golestan province.

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Spring summer 2010, Vol.4, No.1 /74 Medical Laboratory Journal Severity of Oxidative DNA Damage in Gastric Tissue of Smoker and Non-smoker Patients with Dyspepsia Abstract Background and Objectives: Cigarette smoking is associated with an increase in risk of peptic ulcer and Gastro-Intestinal cancer. Toxic materials in smoke and tar have a significant role in production of carcinogenic complexes, injury to DNA and cellular proliferation in gastric cancer. The study was designed to compare the rate of injury to DNA in gastric tissue of smoker and non-smoker patients with active peptic ulcer. Material and Methods: In this Case-Control study, the case group composed of 43 smoker patients aged 45.30±13.16 with active peptic ulcer (14 female & 29 male) referred to gastroenterology clinic. The first control group consisted of 43 non-smokers without peptic ulcer (13 female & 30 male) with mean age of 42.67±16.04, and the second control group included 43 smokers without peptic ulcer (16 female & 27 male) with mean age of 44.58±12.07, and the third ones had 43 non-smoker patients with active peptic ulcer (20 female & 23 male) with mean age of 45.37±13.39. The rate of gastric mucosa DNA damage in the four groups was measured by calorimetrically method. Results: The DNA damage in gastric mucosa of smoker patients with active peptic ulcer(28.05±5.54 AP/100000bp) is higher than those of the three control groups (p<0.0001 in all case). Conclusion: Results of this study approve the direct relation between increase in DNA damage and toxic complexes existing in smoke and tar of cigarette. Key Words:Cigarette Smoking, DNA Damage, Active Peptic Ulcer Dolatkhah H Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Somi MH Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Fattahi E Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Estakhri R Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Dolatkhah N Talegani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Mirza-Aghazadeh A Dept. of Basic Sciences, Paramedical Faculty , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Nourazarian,M Clinical Laboratory of Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Pourasghari B Clinical Laboratory of Emam Reza Hospital,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Corresponding: Dolatkhah, H E-mail: dolatkhahh@gmail.com

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Abstract Background and objectives: After respiratory infection, Diarrhea is the second cause of mortality. Yersinia enterocolitica is the second important cause of infectious diarrhea in children of some countries. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of Yersinia entocolitica of diarrheal specimens in Gorgan, Iran. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross - sectional Study was carried out on diarrheal stools of 455 patients referred to medical centers and laboratory of Gorgan in 2004-2005. DNA extraction using phenol chloroform was performed for all samples. Using two specific primers (genus-specific16s rRNA and ail- specific species genus of Yersinia enterocolitica), we did PCR sample. Results: Yersinia genome was identified in 12 patients(2.63%) and 11 of them was Yersinia enterocolitica. The frequency infection in of girls (3%) was more than boys (2.4%), and the prevalence in winter (4%) was more them other seasons, and under one- year- group (3.4%) and 1-5 years (3.1%) is more than other age groups. It was not observed significant difference. (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of Yersinia in cases of diarrhea in Gorgan is similar to most regions of Iran and in children under 5 years is observed more in winter. Key words: Yersinia enterocolitica, Diarrhea, children, Gorgan

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Abstract Background and objectives: Beta-lactamase enzymes are the most causes of resistance to antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. Nowadays, Infections due to ESBLs are being increased throughout the world and is considered as a new burden to the health systems. This study aimed at determining the sensitivity pattern of E.coli isolates to beta-lactam antibiotics, and investigating the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes in the urine samples. . Material and Methods: In this study, 244 E.coli isolates were screened in 2009-2010. The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolates were determined by disc-diffusion method. Antimicrobial agents tested were cefoxatime, ceftazidime, imipenem, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The combined disc test was used to confirm the results. The results were compared to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and ESBL positive isolates were further investigated for the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes by PCR. Results: Of 244 E. coli isolates, 116 (47.1%) are resistant to Ceftazidime, and 96 (39.2%) to cefoxatime. Also, 109 (44.3%) isolates are ESBL positive. blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes are found among 95 (87.1%), 75 (68.8%), and 77 (70.6%) ESBL positive isolates, respectively. Forty (36.6%) isolates have all three genes, while 68 (62.3%) include blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Moreover, 61 (55.9%) isolates carry blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes, and 54(49.5%) have blactx-M and blashv. Conclusion: Regarding the high frequency of resistance to the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics, precise antibiogram testing is highly recommended before any antibiotic prescription in cases of infections with ESBL producing microorganisms. Key words: ESBL Escherichia coli blaCTX-M blaTEM blaSHV.

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Abstract

Bachground and objectives:

micro-organisms, usually made from strains of the genera

Probiotics are nonpathogenic and beneficialLactobacillus and

Bifidobacterium. The probiotics are known as dietary supplements withLactobacillus and

Bifidobacterium , in sufficient quantities and specific compound, are used for

Material and Methods:

obtained from dairy products, yogurt, grains cheese, saffron flower, fresh

pinto beans, red beans, fresh green beans . All samples were incubated in

MRS Agar cultures at 42, 37, and 25

isolated, concentrated, and lyophilized. Finally the differential recognition

was performed in deferential cultures.

In this cross-sectional study 100 Samples were°c for two days, and then bacteria were

Results

isolated. Lactobacillus delbrueki and L.bulgaris(each 10 cases)

(8 cases) and L .casei (5 cases) are the most prevalent Lactobacillus strains.

Lactococcus themrophilus the most frequent Lactococcus where isolated in

this study.

: Of 100 food samples 19 Lactobacillus and Lactococcus strains were، L.salivarius

Conclusion:

especially Lactobacillus strains are presented in foods. It is recommended that

these probiotics be isolated and proliferated and used in industry and also for

therapeutic purposes.

Based on the results of this study, many kinds of probiotics

Key words:

probiotic, Lactobacillus, foods

therapeutic purposes and food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate

the frequency of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus strains in food stuffs cities in

Eastern Azerbaijan, Iran.

beneficial effects on consumer health. In some countries,