en باکتری شناسی bacteriology Research Article Research Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Background:</b> Infections<span lang="EN"><span style="color:black"> caused by bacteria transmitted from food, including carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i>), and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (</span></span><i><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">A. baumannii</span></span></i><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">)</span></span><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">, are spreading, and this has caused concerns in treatment. This study investigated the frequency of carbapenem resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae, <i>P. aeruginosa,</i> and <i>A. baumannii,</i> isolated from raw chicken meat.</span></span><i><span style="color:black"></span></i><br> <b>Methods:</b> <span style="color:black">In this cross-sectional study, 100 samples of raw chicken meat were collected from Isfahan. Bacterial contamination was evaluated and confirmed using biomedical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed using disc diffusion for </span><i><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">Enterobacteriaceae</span></span></i><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> isolates</span></span><span style="color:black">. The frequency of carbapenem resistance genes </span><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">(<i>OXA-181, OXA-48, VIM</i>, <i>NDM, IMP,</i> and <i>KPC</i>) </span></span><span style="color:black">was determined through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. </span><br> <b>Results:</b> <span style="color:black">Out</span><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black"> of 100 samples, 70 were positive for bacterial infection, of which 30 were infected with <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), 14 samples with <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>), 9 samples with <i>Salmonella </i></span></span><i><span style="color:black">typhimurium </span></i><span style="color:black">(<i>S. typhimurium</i>)</span><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">, 11 samples with P.<i> aeruginosa</i>, and 6 samples with <i>A. baumannii</i>. The highest levels of antibiotic resistance were estimated to be tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and streptomycin, and the lowest levels were azithromycin and rifampin. Among genes encoding resistance to carbapenem, <i>NDM</i> and <i>OXA-48</i> genes were the most commonly expressed, with a frequency of 60% and 28.24%, respectively.</span></span><span style="color:black"></span><br> <b>Conclusion</b>: <span style="color:black">This study found significant bacterial contamination, especially for </span><i><span lang="EN"><span style="color:black">Enterobacteriaceae</span></span></i><span style="color:black">, with notable antibiotic resistance to tetracycline. Carbapenem resistance genes <i>NDM </i>and <i>OXA-48</i> were prevalent, indicating the urgency of addressing antibiotic resistance.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Carbapenems 36 41 http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1805-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam Rezaeian rezaeianmaryam0@gmail.com 100319475328460030995 0009-0009-9415-1304 No Department of Microbiology, Fal.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Laleh Hoveida La.hoveida@iau.ac.ir 100319475328460030996 100319475328460030996 Yes Department of Microbiology, Fal.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran