Volume 16, Issue 6 (Special issue (Nov-Dec) 2022)                   mljgoums 2022, 16(6): 1-7 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Zope R, Kate P, Jaison J, Saraf S, Bhide S, Gupta D. Evaluation of WBC Parameters and Their Significance in COVID-19 Patients in Western Maharashtra, India. mljgoums 2022; 16 (6) :1-7
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1581-en.html
Evaluation of WBC Parameters and Their Significance in COVID-19 Patients in Western Maharashtra, India
Rajendra Zope1 , Prachi Kate 2, Janice Jaison1 , Shalaka Saraf1 , Smita Bhide1 , Digant Gupta3
1- Department of Pathology, MAEER MIT Pune’s MIMER Medical College & Dr. B.S.T.R. Hospital, Talegaon Dabhade. Tal. Maval, Dist. Pune. Pin code – 410507 State – Maharashtra. Country – India
2- Tutor, Department of Pathology, MAEER MIT Pune’s MIMER Medical College & Dr. B.S.T.R. Hospital, Talegaon Dabhade. , prachiskate@yahoo.co.in
3- Department of Clinical Research and Incubation Center. MAEER MIT Pune’s MIMER Medical College & Dr. B.S.T.R. Hospital, Talegaon Dabhade. Tal. Maval, Dist. Pune. Pin code – 410507 State – Maharashtra. Country – India
Abstract:   (1469 Views)
Background and objectives: In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), white blood cell (WBC) abnormalities have been found worldwide with significant inter-regional differences. In the present study, we evaluated WBC parameters concerning COVID-19 positivity and severity.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, total WBC count, absolute count of each type of WBC, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) were compared between 150 COVID-19 patients and 150 non-COVID-19 patients presenting with COVID-19-like symptoms. Also, COVID-19 patients were divided into severe and non-severe cases.
Results: The severity of the disease had no significant association with age or gender (p>0.05). Total WBC count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, and NLR were significantly lower (p<0.05), while LMR was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients (p<0.05). Total WBC count, absolute neutrophil count, and NLR were significantly higher (p<0.05), while absolute eosinophil count and absolute lymphocyte count were significantly lower (p<0.05) in severe COVID-19 patients compared to non-severe patients.
Conclusions: Age is not a predictive factor for the severity of COVID-19. Routine WBC parameters are useful in predicting the severity of the disease in COVID-19 patients and can be used as prognostic indicators. Routine WBC parameters can also be used for repeat RT-PCR testing in COVID-19 suspected patients.

 
Keywords: COVID-19 Testing [MeSH], Injury Severity Score [MeSH], India [MeSH]
Full-Text [PDF 475 kb]   (305 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (455 Views)  
Research Article: Original Paper | Subject: Pathology
Received: 2022/10/13 | Accepted: 2022/12/10 | Published: 2022/11/28 | ePublished: 2022/11/28
References
1. WHO COVID-Timeline [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19.
2. Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Senan AM, Dutta D, Nath B, Oleynikov MD, et al. The Natural History, Pathobiology, and Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020; 15(3): 359-86. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1007/s11481-020-09944-5] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
3. Rath RS, Dixit AM, Koparkar AR, Kharya P, Joshi HS. COVID-19 pandemic in India: A Comparison of pandemic pattern in Selected States. Nepal J Epidemiol. 2020; 10(2): 856-64. [DOI:10.3126/nje.v10i2.28960] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
4. Henry BM, de Oliveira MHS, Benoit S, Plebani M, Lippi G. Hematologic, biochemical and immune biomarker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58(7):1021-8. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1515/cclm-2020-0369] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
5. Liu J, Liu Y, Xiang P, Pu L, Xiong H, Li C, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):206. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1186/s12967-020-02374-0] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6. Yang AP, Liu JP, Tao WQ, Li HM. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;84:106504. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106504] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
7. Fan BE, Chong VCL, Chan SSW, Lim GH, Lim KGE, Tan GB, et al. Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(6):E131-e4. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1002/ajh.25774] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
8. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497-506. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5] [Google Scholar]
9. Mardani R, Ahmadi Vasmehjani A, Zali F, Gholami A, Mousavi Nasab SD, Kaghazian H, et al. Laboratory Parameters in Detection of COVID-19 Patients with Positive RT-PCR; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020; 8(1): e43. [View at Publisher] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
10. Soraya GV, Ulhaq ZS. Crucial laboratory parameters in COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis: An updated meta-analysis. Med Clin (Engl Ed). 2020;155(4):143-51. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1016/j.medcli.2020.05.017] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
11. Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, Xu KJ, Ying LJ, Ma CL, et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ. 2020;368:m606. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1136/bmj.m606] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
12. Singh P, Kumar A, Singh S, Kelkar A, Doshi P, Nimbargi R, et al. Utility of routine haematological parameters and infectious biomarkers to assess the disease severity in COVID-19 positive patients, analysis and early trend from India. 2020. [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-40378/v1] [Google Scholar]
13. Tiwari N, Nath D, Madan J, Singh S, Bajpai P, Madan U. The Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and routine hematological parameters of COVID-19 Patient: A perspective of the Indian scenario from a frontline pilot study of 32 COVID-19 cases in a Tertiary Care Institute of North India. medRxiv. 2020. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.29.20102913] [Google Scholar]
14. Updated Clinical Management Protocol for COVID-19 [Available from: www.mohfw.gov
15. Anurag A, Jha PK, Kumar A. Differential white blood cell count in the COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of 148 patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(6):2099-102. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.029] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16. Lei J, Li J, Li X, Qi X. CT imaging of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia. Radiology. 2020; 295(1): 18. [DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020200236] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17. Qu R, Ling Y, Zhang Yhz, Wei Ly, Chen X, Li Xm, et al. Platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is associated with prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease‐19. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(9): 1533-41. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1002/jmv.25767] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
18. Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang T, Jiang Y, Yang S, Xu Y, et al. Differentiating Between 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Influenza Using a Nonspecific Laboratory Marker-Based Dynamic Nomogram. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(5):ofaa169. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofaa169] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
19. Curtolo A, Oliva A, Volpicelli L, Ceccarelli G, D'Ettorre G, Borrazzo C, et al. Monocyte absolute count as a preliminary tool to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B infections in patients requiring hospitalization. Infez Med. 2020;28(4):534-8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
20. Akbari H, Tabrizi R, Lankarani KB, Aria H, Vakili S, Asadian F, et al. The role of cytokine profile and lymphocyte subsets in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Life Sci. 2020;258:118167. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118167] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
21. Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, Hu Y, Liang W-h, Ou C-q, He J-x, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(18): 1708-20. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
22. Erdogan A, Can FE, Gönüllü H. Evaluation of the prognostic role of NLR, LMR, PLR, and LCR ratio in COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021; 93(9): 5555-9. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1002/jmv.27097] [Google Scholar]
23. Nath D, Madan U, Singh S, Tiwari N, Madan J, Agrawal R. CBC parameters and morphological alterations in peripheral blood cells in COVID-19 patients: Their significance and correlation with clinical course. International Journal of Health and Clinical Research. 2020;3(10):95-108. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
24. Pozdnyakova O, Connell NT, Battinelli EM, Connors JM, Fell G, Kim AS. Clinical Significance of CBC and WBC Morphology in the Diagnosis and Clinical Course of COVID-19 Infection. Am J Clin Pathol. 2021;155(3):364-75. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1093/ajcp/aqaa231] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
25. Kaur G, Sandeep F, Olayinka O, Gupta G. Morphologic Changes in Circulating Blood Cells of COVID-19 Patients. Cureus. 2021;13(2):e13416. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.7759/cureus.13416] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
26. Alnor A, Sandberg MB, Toftanes BE, Vinholt PJ. Platelet parameters and leukocyte morphology is altered in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients with similar symptomatology. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2021;81(3):213-7. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1080/00365513.2021.1894601] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
27. Kannan G, Soni M. Leukocyte morphological changes in COVID-19, a peripheral smear study and analysis at a tertiary health care centre in India. Apollo Medicine. 2021;18(3):158. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
28. Agarwal G, Gupta S, Singh N, Mittal S, Verma A, Bindra MS, et al. Changes in morphology of white blood cells on peripheral smear in COVID-19 infection. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2021;9(8):2393. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213087] [Google Scholar]
29. Zini G, Bellesi S, Ramundo F, d'Onofrio G. Morphological anomalies of circulating blood cells in COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(7):870-2. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.1002/ajh.25824] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
30. Ahnach M, Ousti F. Blood cells morphology change with COVID-19. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):45. [View at Publisher] [DOI:10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.23557] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2007 All Rights Reserved | Medical Laboratory Journal

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.