Tue, Nov 26, 2024
Volume 14, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2020)
mljgoums 2020, 14(6): 28-33 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Esazadeh L, Khajeie R, Hosseinikakhk A. Effects of Concurrent Training Order on Follistatin, Physical Fitness Factors and Functional Capacity of Postmenopausal Women. mljgoums 2020; 14 (6) :28-33
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1233-en.html
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1233-en.html
1- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
2- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran ,r.khajeie@gmail.com
3- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
2- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran ,
3- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
Abstract: (6190 Views)
Background and objectives: It has been suggested that concurrent training (CT) improves both health and performance during aging. However, possible effects of CT order have not been evaluated in menopausal women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of CT order on follistatin, physical fitness factors and functional capacity of postmenopausal women.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 33 healthy, sedentary, postmenopausal women were divided into three groups of endurance training-resistance training (ET+RT; n=11), resistance training-endurance training (RT+ET; n=10) and control (C; n= 12). The training exercises were performed three times a week for eight weeks.
Results: Weight and body fat percentage did not differ significantly between the groups (P>0.05). Muscular strength, endurance and aerobic capacity increased significantly in both training groups (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the effects of the training orders. There was a significant time × group interaction regarding the follistatin levels after the CT intervention. However, there was no significant difference in the follistatin levels between the groups.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the order of eight weeks of CT training does not significantly affect body fat percentage, physical fitness factors and functional capacity of postmenopausal women. However, the percentage changes in the mentioned variables are higher in the ET+RT exercise order.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 33 healthy, sedentary, postmenopausal women were divided into three groups of endurance training-resistance training (ET+RT; n=11), resistance training-endurance training (RT+ET; n=10) and control (C; n= 12). The training exercises were performed three times a week for eight weeks.
Results: Weight and body fat percentage did not differ significantly between the groups (P>0.05). Muscular strength, endurance and aerobic capacity increased significantly in both training groups (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the effects of the training orders. There was a significant time × group interaction regarding the follistatin levels after the CT intervention. However, there was no significant difference in the follistatin levels between the groups.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the order of eight weeks of CT training does not significantly affect body fat percentage, physical fitness factors and functional capacity of postmenopausal women. However, the percentage changes in the mentioned variables are higher in the ET+RT exercise order.
Research Article: Original Paper |
Subject:
Sport Physiology
Received: 2019/07/20 | Accepted: 2019/09/8 | Published: 2020/10/29 | ePublished: 2020/10/29
Received: 2019/07/20 | Accepted: 2019/09/8 | Published: 2020/10/29 | ePublished: 2020/10/29
References
1. Van Kan GA. Epidemiology and consequences of sarcopenia. JNHA-The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging. 2009;13(8):708-12. [DOI:10.1007/s12603-009-0201-z] [Google Scholar]
2. Zaros PR, Pires CER, Bacci M, Moraes C, Zanesco A. Effect of 6-months of physical exercise on the nitrate/nitrite levels in hypertensive postmenopausal women. BMC women's health. 2009;9(1):17. [DOI:10.1186/1472-6874-9-17] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
3. Organization WH. Research on the menopause in the 1990s: report of a WHO scientific group. 1996. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
4. Crist BL, Alekel DL, Ritland LM, Hanson LN, Genschel U, Reddy MB. Association of oxidative stress, iron, and centralized fat mass in healthy postmenopausal women. Journal of Women's Health. 2009;18(6):795-801. [DOI:10.1089/jwh.2008.0988] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
5. Krishnan K, Bassett JK, MacInnis RJ, English DR, Hopper JL, McLean CA, et al. Associations between weight in early adulthood, change in weight and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers. 2013:cebp. 0136.2013. [DOI:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0136] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6. Wood RH, Reyes R, Welsch MA, Favaloro-Sabatier J, Sabatier M, Lee CM, et al. Concurrent cardiovascular and resistance training in healthy older adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001;33(10):1751-8. [DOI:10.1097/00005768-200110000-00021] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
7. McNeil J, Brenner D, Courneya K, Friedenreich C. Dose-response effects of aerobic exercise on energy compensation in postmenopausal women: combined results from two randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Obesity. 2017;41(8):1196. [DOI:10.1038/ijo.2017.87] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
8. Moghadam B, Bagheri R, Ashtary-Larky D, Tinsley G, Eskandari M, Wong A, et al. The Effects of Concurrent Training Order on Satellite Cell-Related Markers, Body Composition, Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Men with Sarcopenia. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2020;24(7):796-804. [DOI:10.1007/s12603-020-1431-3] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
9. Takeshima N, Rogers ME, Islam MM, Yamauchi T, Watanabe E, Okada A. Effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance circuit exercise training on fitness in older adults. European journal of applied physiology. 2004;93(1-2):173-82. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-004-1193-3] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
10. Bagheri R, Rashidlamir A, Motevalli MS, Elliott BT, Mehrabani J, Wong A. Effects of upper-body, lower-body, or combined resistance training on the ratio of follistatin and myostatin in middle-aged men. European journal of applied physiology. 2019:1-11. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-019-04180-z] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
11. Bagheri R, Rashidlamir A, Attarzadeh Hosseini SR. effect of Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction onfollistatin to myostatin Ratio, Body Composition and Anaerobic Power of Trained-Volleyball Players. Medical Laboratory Journal. 2018;12. [DOI:10.29252/mlj.12.6.28] [Google Scholar]
12. Schoenfeld B. Science and Development of Muscle Hypertrophy: Human Kinetics; 2016. [DOI:10.5040/9781492595847] [Google Scholar]
13. Eston R, Reilly T. Kinanthropometry and exercise physiology laboratory manual: tests, procedures and data: volume two: physiology: Routledge; 2013. [DOI:10.4324/9780203868737] [Google Scholar]
14. Faramarzi M, Bagheri L, Banitalebi E. Effect of sequence order of combined strength and endurance training on new adiposity indices in overweight elderly women. Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 2018(Preprint):1-9. [DOI:10.3233/IES-172195] [Google Scholar]
15. Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Pinto SS, Alberton CL, Pinto RS, Baroni BM, et al. Neuromuscular adaptations to concurrent training in the elderly: effects of intrasession exercise sequence. Age. 2013;35(3):891-903. [DOI:10.1007/s11357-012-9405-y] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16. Dolezal BA, Potteiger JA. Concurrent resistance and endurance training influence basal metabolic rate in nondieting individuals. Journal of applied physiology. 1998;85(2):695-700. [DOI:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.695] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17. Hu G, Tuomilehto J, Silventoinen K, Barengo N, Jousilahti P. Joint effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio with the risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged Finnish men and women. European heart journal. 2004;25(24):2212-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.10.020] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
18. Eddens L, van Someren K, Howatson G. The role of intra-session exercise sequence in the interference effect: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 2018;48(1):177-88. [DOI:10.1007/s40279-017-0784-1] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
19. Davitt PM, Pellegrino JK, Schanzer JR, Tjionas H, Arent SM. The effects of a combined resistance training and endurance exercise program in inactive college female subjects: Does order matter? The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2014;28(7):1937-45. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000355] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
20. Alves J, Saavedra F, Simão R, Novaes J, Rhea MR, Green D, et al. Does aerobic and strength exercise sequence in the same session affect the oxygen uptake during and postexercise? The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2012;26(7):1872-8. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318238e852] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
21. Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Siahkouhian M, Hakimi M, Ali-Mohammadi M. The effect of concurrent training order on hormonal responses and body composition in obese men. Science & Sports. 2015;30(6):335-41. [DOI:10.1016/j.scispo.2015.06.005] [Google Scholar]
22. Karatrantou K, Gerodimos V, Häkkinen K, Zafeiridis A. Health-Promoting Effects of Serial vs. Integrated Combined Strength and Aerobic Training. International journal of sports medicine. 2017;38(01):55-64. [DOI:10.1055/s-0042-116495] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
23. Chtara M, Chaouachi A, Levin GT, Chaouachi M, Chamari K, Amri M, et al. Effect of concurrent endurance and circuit resistance training sequence on muscular strength and power development. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2008;22(4):1037-45. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a4419] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
24. Collins MA, Snow TK. Are adaptations to combined endurance and strength training affected by the sequence of training? Journal of sports sciences. 1993;11(6):485-91. [DOI:10.1080/02640419308730017] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
25. Fyfe JJ, Bishop DJ, Stepto NK. Interference between concurrent resistance and endurance exercise: molecular bases and the role of individual training variables. Sports medicine. 2014;44(6):743-62. [DOI:10.1007/s40279-014-0162-1] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
26. Hickson RC. Interference of strength development by simultaneously training for strength and endurance. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 1980;45(2-3):255-63. [DOI:10.1007/BF00421333] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
27. Jacobs I, Kaiser P, Tesch P. Muscle strength and fatigue after selective glycogen depletion in human skeletal muscle fibers. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1981;46(1):47-53. [DOI:10.1007/BF00422176] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
28. Lepers R, Hausswirth C, Maffiuletti N, Brisswalter J, Van Hoecke J. Evidence of neuromuscular fatigue after prolonged cycling exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2000;32(11):1880-6. [DOI:10.1097/00005768-200011000-00010] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
29. Mitchell WK, Atherton PJ, Williams J, Larvin M, Lund JN, Narici M. Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review. Frontiers in physiology. 2012;3:260. [DOI:10.3389/fphys.2012.00260] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
30. Dudley GA, Djamil R. Incompatibility of endurance-and strength-training modes of exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1985;59(5):1446-51. [DOI:10.1152/jappl.1985.59.5.1446] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
31. Glowacki SP, Martin SE, Maurer A, Baek W, Green JS, Crouse SF. Effects of resistance, endurance, and concurrent exercise on training outcomes in men. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2004;36(12):2119-27. [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000147629.74832.52] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
32. Garcia M, Mulvagh SL, Bairey Merz CN, Buring JE, Manson JE. Cardiovascular disease in women: clinical perspectives. Circulation research. 2016;118(8):1273-93. [DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.307547] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Enamad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.