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Background and Objective: After distinguishing the role of Helicobacter Pylori in gastritis and peptic ulcer, some hypothesis were brought up about the probable interference of this germ in dyspepsia. This study was done in order to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection in persons conflicted with dyspepsia, attended in 5th Azar Hospital in Gorgan during 8 months (From 2001/Mar/21 to 2001/Nov/22). Materials and Methods: In this research, 270 patients with diagnosis of dyspepsia were endoscopic based on clinical examinations and paraclinical studies and after ruling out of erosive gastrodeodenitis and peptic ulcer, two biopsy samples were taken from antrum. Then, the samples were put in urea rapid test environment media. The required time for positive response was 15 minutes but to be completely sure about it, urea environment media consisted of biopsy samples were maintained for 2 hours. Any color changes during this time were considered as positive response. Results: Among 270 patients conflicted with dyspepsia 136 patties were male and 134 were female with age average of 40.9% Y/O. The patients with Helicobacter Pylori infection were 139 (51.5%) and the ones without infection were 131 (48.5%), and age averages were 44.4 Y/O and 37.3 Y/O, respectively. The prevalence of dyspepsia subgroups were as follows: Ulcer like 53.7%, reflux like 31.1%, non specific 9.6%, and dismotility like 5.6%, and the prevalence of infection among dyspepsia subgroups were as follows: Ulcer like 62.02%, reflux like 40.47%, non specific 46.15%, and dismotility like 20%. Other risk factors in these patients were as follows: Cigarette smoking 25.6%, NSAID 16.3% and alcohol drinking 4.1%. Conclusion: This study suggests that Helicobacter Pylori infection can have a role in formation of dyspepsia.

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Penetrating atheromatous ulcer is the condition in which ulceration of an aortic atherosclerotic lesion penetrates the internal elastic lamina into the media. Differentiation of penetrating atheromatous ulcer from other causes of acute aortic syndrome such as intramural haematoma and aortic dissection is difficult. The main symptom is a severe, acute chest pain radiating to the inter-scapular area, similar to classical acute aortic dissection of the thoracic aorta. In present article a case of a 52 years old woman with long- standing retrosternal chest pain and with penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer in descending aorta was reported. Unlike the predominant picture of this disease,associated intramural hematoma was not seen.

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Background and Objective: Bunium percicum is often used in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders particularly gastric ulcer.This study was done to evaluate the antiulcerogenic effect of Bunium percicum Boiss.essential oil against indomethacin and ethanol – induced ulcer models in Wistar rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out on rats weighing 200-220 g in veterinary college of Urmia University, Iran. LD₅₀ was calculated based on Lorke’s method. To evaluate the short term oral toxicity, animals were allocated into four group of six each. In groups 1-3 animals were received orally 250, 125, 80 mg/kg/bw of Bunium percicum Boiss.essential oil, respectively. Controls were received Tween 80 (2%) orally for 14 consecutive days and monitored daily. Bunium percicum Boiss. essential oil was administered orally at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg/bw and cimetedin (10 mg/kg/bw) and omopirazol (30 mg/kg/bw) in indomethacin and ethanol–induced ulcer models. Results: The LD₅₀ was 375 mg/kg/bw. Daily single oral doses of Bunium percicum Boiss.essential oil tolerated behaviorally after 14 days without any alterations in body and organs weight, food, water consumption and serum total protein, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activity. The preventive index in doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg/BW of Bunium percicum Boiss.essential oil was 37.98% and 59.21%, respectively in the indomethacin -induced ulcer model (P<0.05). In the model of ethanol -induced ulcer, the preventive index in doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg of Bunium percicum Boiss. essential oil was 12.40% and 22.05%, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: The essential oil of Bunium percicum Boiss is completely ‘‘safe’’ and at the doses of 40 and 80mg/kg/bw significantly prevent gastric ulcers in animal model.

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Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori are one of the most common gastrointestinal bacterium infections. This study was done to compare the urease test with Giemsa staining to detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric ulcer and gastritis.

Methods: This descriptive – analytic study was conducted on 601 patients' diagnosed with gastric ulcer and gastritis, whom under went endoscopy in 5th Azar hospital, Gorgan, Iran during 2008-12. Rapid urease test was immediately taken during endoscopy. Pathological examination, Giemsa staining on paraffin blocks and haematoxylin and eosin stain were done to assess either presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori.

Results: Based on biopsy results, Gastritis and gastric ulcer were diagnosed in 80.69% and 19.3%, respectively. In gastritis and gastric ulcer patients, there was a significant differences between urease test (91.5% and 90%, respectively) in comparison with Giemsa staining (91.5% and 90%, respectively) (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The study revealed that in primary diagnosis and screening of role of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastric ulcer and gastritis, urease test is suitable than giemsa staining.

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Background and Objective: Foreign body ingestion is one of the most common problems in otolarygyology in the world. Many kind of foreign body is lodged in esophagus and cause symptoms and complication. Information about patient age and type of foreign bodies and symptoms can help in management and treatment of patients. This study was done to determine the Prevalence of esophageal foreign body and its complications in Gorgan, northern Iran.
Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was done on 145 patients (61 males and 84 females) with foreign body ingestion whom admitted in 5thAzar hospital in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2004-14. Age and type of foreign body and symptoms was recorded for each patient. X-Ray in 41.4% of patients detected foreign body and esophagoscopy in others were used for definitive diagnosis.
Results: Most common chief complaint was dysphagia (42.8%). The most common foreign body was chikenbone (25.5%). Under 15 year’s old patients, coine was the most common. Most common site of lodged was 1/3 upper esophagus (62.63%). In all causes rigid esophaguscopy was used for removal of foreign body. In 56 causes foreign body in esophagus had not any complication.Complications due to foreign bodies were erision (24.82%), ulcer (21.37%), rapture of mucosal layer (6.2%), recurrent refer (4.82%), perforation of esophagus (5 cases, 3.44%) and obsess esophagus(0.68%). Mortality was seen in one patient due to fish bone ingestion.
Conclusion: Dysphagia was the most common chief complaint and coine was the most common foreign body in children. Also, erision and ulcer were the most common complications and upper one third of upper esophagus was the most common site of lodged foreign bodies.

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Background and Objective: The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is performed by colonoscopy, sampling, and histopathology. Stool calprotectin is a test showing the presence of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was done to determine the relationship between the calprotectin level in the feces and endoscopic findings in ulcerative colitis patients referred to the gastroenterology clinic in Gorgan, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 100 patients with ulcerative colitis referred to the gastroenterology clinic of Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Gorgan, north of Iran during 2020. The patients were asked to collect their stool samples one day before the procedure (just after taking the drug for bowel cleansing). Bowel cleansing was done by administering polyethylene glycol solution dissolved in water. The activity of ulcerative colitis was measured using the disease activity score. According to this criterion, a score greater than or equal to 5 is considered an active disease. Patients were classified into two groups: extensive or pan-colitis and left-sided colitis. Stool samples were evaluated for calprotectin in a single laboratory using a commercially available kit (Calprest- EuorociationspA. Trieste) at normal values of less than 50mg/g. The relationship between stool calprotectin with colonoscopic findings was evaluated.
Results: The average duration of infection was 4±3.1 years in the time range of 1-14 years. The calprotectin level was less than 50 μg/g in 16 patients. Stool calprotectin less than 50 µg/g was seen in only 16 patients. There was no significant relationship between the level of calprotectin and the either age or gender of patients. Most patients (84%) had active disease based on colonoscopic findings. Left-sided involvement was seen in 60% of patients. Fecal calprotectin level was significantly higher in those with acute phase and those with severe disease (P<0.05). Additionally, the calprotectin level had no significant relationship with the location of bowel involvement, extension, and disease duration.
Conclusion: This study showed that the fecal calprotectin level in patients with ulcerative colitis had a significant relationship with the severity and activity of the disease in north of Iran.