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Cervicogenic headache (CEH) is a chronic, hemicranial pain syndrome in which the sensation of pain originates in the cervical spine or soft tissues of the neck and is referred to the head. Cervicogenic headache is a relatively common but often overlooked disorder. There is sufficient evidence to support this category and the existing diagnostic criteria are adequate. The purpose of this case report was to describe an intervention approach consisting of release and muscle energy techniques for an individual with cervicogenic headache. Clinical examination revealed myofacial trigger points in trapezius, sternocliedomastoid and upper cervical spine erectors. Visual analogue scale (VAS) identified severe pain. Range of flexion and rotation was reduced. Complete pain relief was seen following three times treatment sessions. The results indicating definite diagnosis and appropriate treatment of cervicogenic headache.

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Background and Objective: Thyme essential oil is strong antifungal, anti-parasitic and antibacterial due to presence phenolic thymol and carvacrol. Encapsulation is used in order to increase the solubility, protection against oxidation and evaporation and also to improve the effectiveness of essential oils. This study was performed in order to loading Thymus essential oil (Thymus daenensis Celak and Zataria multiflora species) into liposomal vesicles and evaluation of antifungal activity of Zataria multiflora specie encapsulated with nano-systems.
Methods: In this descriptive – laboratory study, liposomes containing Thymus essential oil- were prepared using thin film hydration method. After size reduction, nano-particle was characterized in term of morphology, size, zeta potential and chemical interactions. Effect of phospholipids types, cholesterol content and species of Thymus were investigated on encapsulation efficiency. Finally, the antifungal activity of essential oil of Zataria multiflora specie loaded liposome was evaluated the minimum fungicidal concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration and zone of inhibition against Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Results: Thymus essential oil loaded into liposome with over 80% efficiency. Optimal formulation contained of 10% cholesterol, 90% soybean phosphatidylcholine phospholipid with 3% of polyethylene glycol and also Thymus essential oil with concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. Nanoparticles were anionic with spherical shape and size less than 100 nm. There was no chemical interaction between liposomes and essential oil. Prepared formulation was chemically stable and the essential oil had not retained during encapsulation. Medicinal-nano system of Zataria multiflora specie was effective in inhibition of the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Conclusion: The preparation of optimal liposomal formulation containing Thymus essential oil is affected by the type and amount of phospholipid, and it was completely independent of the species of Thymus. Also, Encapsulation increases the anti-fungal activity of essential oil of Zataria multiflora.