---

Background and Objective: Probiotics are beneficial organisms therapeutic within microbial flora. Shigella, Escherichia coli and Salmonella are the most common cause of intestinal infectious diseases that lead to morbidity and mortality in infant and children worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-microbial activity of Lactobacillus acidophillus and Lactobacillus ruteri against entero-pathoges by in vitro and in vivo methods. Methods: In this experimental study, the therapeutic effect of the lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and ruteri ATCC 23272 against Shigella sonnei ATCC 9290, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica BAA-708 were evaluated by in vitro (spot agar) and in vivo (BALB/c mice) methods. Weight improvment and survival rate in mice were recorded. Results: Lactobacillus acidophillus and ruteri had protective and therapeutic effect against diarrhea caused by pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics reduced the weight, colonization of pathogens and increased the survival rate of animals (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lactobacillus acidophillus and ruteri has anti-microbial activity and their consumption can be effective in the prevention and also the treatment of intestinal disease.

---

Background and Objective: Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in pars compacta of substantial nigra. The most important symptoms of this disease include slow motion, lack of movement, tremor and imbalance. This study was done to determine the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei on motor disorders caused by injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine in Parkinson's model in male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rats were randomly allocated into six groups. To create an animal model of Parkinson's disease, a black body component in male rats was injected 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) (0.5 mg/kg) unilaterally by stereotaxic apparatus. After 3 weeks of recovery, to evaluation of degradation rate, animals were received apomorphine, intraperitoneally. In the first experiment, rats were randomly divided into Sham and Parkinson's (injured) groups, the Sham group were received only water and food, and the injured group received 6-hydroxy-dopamine. In the second experiment, male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats, each of the 4 groups was injected 6-hydroxy-dopamine and 21 days later, they were tested for assay of apomorphine. The results were recorded, then for 28 days, the first group was taken as control. The second group of saline, the third group of milk, the fourth group of milk and probiotic were gavaged. At the end of day 28, once again, each group was subjected to rotation of apomorphine test and the rotations were recorded.
Results: The behavioral analysis of saline, milk, milk plus probiotics were indicated that the group receiving probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei plus milk was significantly less apomorphine rotation test than the saline group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei can reduces Parkinson’s disease symptoms.