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Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common type of metabolic diseases which is characterized with hyperglycemia due to implicit or relative insulin deficiency. Diabetes mellitus is acutely related to obesity. Agouti-related protein (AGRP) has 132 amino acids and increases appetite in humans. This study was done to determine the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 female diabetic patients were divided into exercise and control groups. The training program was performed 3 sessions a week in course of 8 weeks, each session was last for 60 minutes, and the controls did not have any exercise. The plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose were measured. Results: There was no significant alteration in the level of AGRP, HbA1c and glucose in either exercise or control groups. There was no significant relation between AGRP with glucose, AGRP with HbA1c and HbA1c with glucose in the exercise and control groups. Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise is not enough for making any changes on plasma level of AGRP, HbA1c and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women.

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Background and Objective: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a proinflammatory enzyme whose principal product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Genetic polymorphisms are among the factors that can influence COX-2 activity or expression. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the COX-2 gene polymorphism (-765G>C) and serum PGE2 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This case-control study included 50 patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 healthy individuals attending Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Teaching Hospital in Gorgan, Iran. Serum FBS, HbA1c, and PGE2 levels were measured using ELISA kits, and the gene polymorphism was determined by ARMS-PCR.
Results: The COX-2 -765G>C polymorphism was not significantly associated with either diabetes or PGE2. PGE2 levels were higher in patients with diabetes (43.42±31.2) than in healthy controls (17.67±6.38; P<0.05). PGE2 levels were significantly higher in individuals with the CG genotype (41.15±30.99) than in those with other genotypes (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The COX-2 -765G>C polymorphism, as an inflammatory mediator-related variant, had no effect on the risk of diabetes or its complications.