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Background and Objective: Improvement in self-care and self-efficacy behaviors has proved to be a vital factor in a successful management of asthma. This study was carried out to determine the relationship of patients self-efficacy with control of asthma symptoms. Materials and Methods: This correlation study was carried out on 257 asthmatic patients (133 men and 124 women) aged 18-35, who referred to Sheykholrayis clinic of Tabriz, Iran, during 2011. Data collection tools included a questionnaire of social-personal specifications, asthma self-efficacy scale questionnaire and asthma control questionnaire as well as patients’ spirometer parameters. Data were analyzed using SPSS-17 and Pearson Correlation Coefficient test. Results: Among aspects of self efficacy, the regular use of medicine and patient relation with physician were demonstrated to be 4±0.6 and 2.7±0.7, respectively. Among aspects of asthma control, the level of activity restriction resulted by the disease during the past week and the number of spray puffs used during past week were 3±1.1 and 1.5±1.2, respectively. There was a significant relation between self-efficacy and asthma control (P<0.001, r= -0.378). Conclusion: This study showed that in asthmatic patients, self confidence is an effective factor in the control of asthmatic symptoms.

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Background and Objective: Congenital malformations are among important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. This study was done to determine the prevalence and pattern of congenital malformations in newborn. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 6089 newborns in maternity center in Rafsanjan, Iran during 2007-08. The newborns were examined by pediatricians and based on clinical examination the type of obvious of either minor or major malformations were recorded. Results: The 179 cases had at least a major or minor malformations. Over all the prevalence of malformations was 2.93%. The highest prevalence of obvious malformations was seen in the musculo-skeletal (43.5%), followed by genitourinary (22.9%) and cardiovascular systems (15.08%). There was significant relation between congenital malformations, gestational age and medicine used by mothers (P<0.05). Conclusion: The highest prevalence of obvious malformations was seen in the musculo-skeletal system.

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Tissue engineering is based on three main factors including scaffolds, cells and growth factors. Natural scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully used in tissue engineering. Decellularization studies have shown that natural scaffolds which maintaine their main structure and properties could be a suitable tool for studying cellular behaviors and preparation of such scaffolds is an important part of future research in biology that may have extensive applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Blastema tissue which is produced after injuries in some organisms has embryonic cell characteristics, and can be a suitable model for evaluation of cell behaviors in various tissues. In this review, the process of decellularization, process involved in preparation of 3D scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix of various tissues including cartilage, bone, gingiva, aorta and bladder, and assessment of their interactions with blastema tissue under in vitro conditions are discussed.

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Several medicines are used in the nervous system disorders. Since there are several adverse effects of neurological medicines are reported, traditional and complementary medicine itself as new alternative regiment, which require further knowledge about the herbal medicine which the core center of complementary medicine. Lavandula angustifolia with the formal name of Lavandula Officinalis has many effects including widespread effect on central and peripheral nervous system, including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, antioxidant, antimutant, and neuroprotective effects. It shows analgesic effects and can alleviate pain, tolerance and dependency similar to morphine. Lavandula angustifolia has anti - inflammatory effect. Also this plant affects on cellular mechanisms like oxidative reactions (decrease of oxidative stress), apoptosis (anti - apoptosis), and nitric oxide production decrease of no production), anti - mutation and anti - cancer by this plant is reportd. It seems that effects of Lavandula are mediated through Calcium-Calmodulin and its kinase dependent.

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Forgetfulness is a disease of the day,the most important example of which is Alzheimer's. Medical science has not yet achieved a definitive treatment for this disease. Examining the existence of examples and treatment of disease from the perspective of the Qur'an proves the miracles of the divine verses in the field of matching with the findings of medical science. The examples and treatment of amnesia disease is by descriptive-analytical method and library method by examining the symptoms of the disease in medicine and verses of the Qur'an in order to find examples and extract the cure from the Qur'an. 4verses of the Qur'an tell about the occurrence of a disease in old age in which the sick person suffers from dementia and loses physical strength. It is possible to treat the disease with the combination of the verses of Surah Hajj and Nahl. In the 5th verse of Hajj,after mentioning the most important symptom of the disease,it is mentioned about reviving the dead earth,which indicates the treatment of the disease and the possibility of returning the brain to a youthful state. In Surah Nahl,it was mentioned as the main medicine in the feeding of fluids from bees. According to tradition,a substance like honey is a basic medicine in the treatment of many diseases,including forgetfulness. Bee products,including honey,gel have a therapeutic application for the treatment of amnesia,which is confirmed by clinical trials. The rejuvenating effects of honey products on free radicals have been proven. The precedence of drug expression over disease is due to its greater effect in prevention than treatment.

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According to the definition of the World Health Organization, palliative care - which is a type of complementary medicine - is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families in the face of problems related to threatening diseases such as cancer. The main goal in palliative care is to give meaning to life and dignity to the patient's life until its end, an important part of which is done through the prevention and relief of suffering and mental and spiritual problems. In fact, the most important issue for people suffering from incurable diseases is maintaining peace, reducing stress and providing spiritual health. The purpose of this review article - which was done by examining the verses of the Quran and authentic religious traditions in this field - is to identify and apply the teachings of revelation in the category of palliative medicine. Teachings such as the correct understanding of man, the philosophy of illness and calamities, the virtue of patience over illness, compromise with pain, strengthening the spirit of piety, prayer, supplication and forgiveness, and paying attention to the origin and resurrection are among the categories that can be taught properly to specialists in this field facilitated access to the goals of palliative medicine, including resilience and improving the quality of life of patients and their families.

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Background and Objective: Poisoning is one of the most common reasons for emergency department visits worldwide. Awareness of poisoning patterns helps identify risk factors and enables early diagnosis. In Iran, narcotics are among the main causes of poisoning in children. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of narcotics-induced poisoning in children under 18 years old referring to the Al-e-Jalil Educational and Therapeutic Center in Aq Qala, Golestan Province.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 36 children aged 1 month to 18 years (22 boys and 14 girls; mean age: 51.62±36.25 months) referring to the Al-e-Jalil Educational and Therapeutic Center in Aq Qala due to narcotics-induced poisoning from 2020 to 2022. Samples were included in the study using census. Patients’ medical records were reviewed and recorded in a checklist.
Results: The highest poisoning rate stemmed from the consumption of opium (69.4%), followed by methadone (25%). Decreased level of consciousness upon hospital admission was determined to be 66.7%. The interval between poisoning and hospital admission was 5.60±3.86 hours. The mean length of hospital stay was 1.25±0.80 days, and no patients died. Most children were male (61.1%), Turkmen (69.4%), and rural residents (86.1%). The highest cases of poisoning occurred in the summer (36.1%). The most common route of contact was oral (97.2%).
Conclusion: The poisoning rate with opium is higher compared to other narcotics. However, there is strong evidence of increased opium use among young people and some evidence of increased methadone use.
 

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Stroke survivors often experience various motor complications, and sustained treatment is crucial for their recovery. Game-based telerehabilitation interventions appear to facilitate motor improvement in these patients by ensuring sustained treatment. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate game-based telerehabilitation on motor function in stroke patients. This narrative review involved a comprehensive search of the PubMed database up to August 2024, using the keywords "Game," "Games," "Serious games," "Telerehabilitation," and "Stroke," both individually and in combination. Out of 118 articles initially identified, duplicates and articles published before 2018 were excluded. Ultimately, 9 articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for review. The full text of these English articles was then analyzed and compared in terms of study design and intervention outcomes on improving motor function. Of the 9 studies reviewed, 6 focused on improving upper extremity motor function, 2 on improving lower extremity motor function, and 1 on improving motor function in both upper and lower extremities. All 9 studies reported positive results regarding improving upper and lower extremity motor function through game-based telerehabilitation. However, most studies had small and varied sample sizes, and there was no consensus on the optimal frequency or duration of game use. Furthermore, the technology employed in these games was found to be expensive for less developed countries. Given the positive outcomes of this approach for stroke patients, developing affordable, localized games and integrating them into national rehabilitation programs could significantly benefit both patients and healthcare systems.

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The preservation of mahramiyyah (permissibility) in medical examinations has always been a challenging issue from the perspective of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). This matter becomes particularly significant in cases where medical necessities conflict with religious rulings. This analytical-research study, with a comparative approach, was conducted to provide a new framework to establish a balance between medical necessities and fiqh rulings. First, the theoretical foundations and research background were first extracted using reliable library sources, fiqh texts, and scholarly medical books and articles. Sources were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, NoorMags, the Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences (Noor), and the Comprehensive Jurisprudence Database. The keywords used included “Medical Mahramiyyah,” “Medical Fiqh,” “Medical Necessity,” “Non-Same-Sex Examination,” “Patient Privacy,” “Islamic Telemedicine,” and “Medical Religious Rulings” in Persian, English, and Arabic. Selected sources spanning the period during 1981-2024 were evaluated. The inclusion criteria comprised direct relevance to the topic, peer review, and appropriate content quality. The exclusion criteria included irrelevance to the topic, non-peer reviewed, replicate sources, studies with low quality or without valid data, public or news reports lacking scientific basis. Ultimately, 37 sources were selected and analyzed based on thematic analysis and fiqh deductive reasoning to identify common principles and points of conflict between the fiqh data and medical requirements. Emerging challenges in medical fields, such as telemedicine, were also evaluated. Although the primary principle in Shia fiqh is the prohibition of looking at (except for the face and hands up to the wrist) and touching a person of the opposite sex, whether for treatment or otherwise, there is a consensus among faqihs (Islamic jurists) that, in cases of necessity, this principle is suspended. As a result, examinations requiring touching and looking, even of the genitals, by a physician of the opposite sex are permissible. In both fiqh and medicine, necessity is defined as an urgent need for treatment or medical procedures that, if not performed, could lead to a serious threat to the patient's health. However, some faqihs, based on the rational rule of “Irtikāb Aqall al-Qabīḥayn” (committing the lesser of the two detestable things), deem direct touch and direct viewing to fall under the primary prohibition in instances where telemedicine and indirect examinations suffice for the aforementioned necessity. This research offers practical solutions to maximize the preservation of mahramiyyah in medical examinations, aiming to improve the quality of medical services in Islamic societies while adhering to religious principles.
 

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Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is recognized as a global epidemic and is associated with complications, such as gestational diabetes. While a healthy diet and regular physical activity positively influence weight control and overall well-being, in-person consultations can be costly and time-consuming. The use of digital technologies, particularly smartphones, has increased for delivering lifestyle interventions and improving well-being. These technologies provide affordable access to health services for pregnant women, especially those in remote areas. This narrative review was conducted to evaluate the effect of telehealth on weight control and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among pregnant women. A search was performed in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Of the 631 initial articles published during 2020-2024,
15 were selected and evaluated after excluding irrelevant articles, review articles, and those without full texts. The selected articles showed that mobile health (mHealth) could improve indicators, such as weight, body mass index (BMI), maternal and infant health, and lifestyle. However, certain limitations, including access issues, cultural barriers, and fluctuations in service quality, impacted their effectiveness. Based on the findings of these articles, it is suggested that personalized interventions be designed with continuous consultations and daily reminders. Forming virtual groups and providing timely feedback can strengthen the sense of belonging and promote adherence. These strategies are valuable for telehealth clinics and online counseling programs.
 

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Background and Objective: One of the prominent challenges in the dental profession is patient complaints, many of which lead to legal and criminal prosecution. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and causes of patient complaints against dentists in Golestan Province.
Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 96 complaint files against dentists in Golestan Province, Iran, using a census method during 2012-2022. The necessary information was extracted from the files and recorded in an information form.
Results: The most frequent complaints were related to prosthodontics (29.2%), surgeries (26%), and endodontics (18.8%). The dentists who received complaints were predominantly male (75%) and had a general dentistry degree (90.6%). In 33% of the complaints, the dentist was found liable. None of the complaints against specialists resulted in the practitioner being found at fault.
Conclusion: The most common complaints were in the fields of prosthodontics, surgeries, and endodontics. The dentists involved were mostly male general dentists. Moreover, 33% of the complaints led to a conviction. Complaints related to prosthodontics and surgeries primarily concerned cosmetic treatments and implant surgeries, highlighting the need to review the educational curriculum for general dentists.