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Background&Objective: Marrubium vulgare has preventing and antioxident components. There are some evidence of hypoglicemic and hypolepidemic of this medicinal herb. This study was done to determine the hypoglycemic and the hypolipidemic activities of Marrubium vulgare in diabetic Rats. Materials&Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into control, treated control, diabetic, and treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin (STZ 60 mg/Kg i.p.) was used at a single dose. The treatment groups received oral administration of plant-mixed pelleted food (6.25%) for two months. Serum glucose, triglyceride and cholestrol concentrations. Were meuseud by spectrophotometry technique. Results: Serum glucose level in diabetic group increases 4 and 8 weeks after the experiment as compared to data one week before the study began (P<0.05). Marrubium vulgare treatment of diabetic rats did not any significant effect. In addition, triglyceride level in diabetic group increased 8 weeks after the experiment in comparison with related data one week before the study (P<0.05) and there was a significant lower level of triglyceride in Marrubium vulgare-treated diabetic rats (p<0.05). Furthermore, a similar significant reduction was obtained for treated-diabetic group as compared to diabetic group regarding serum cholesterol level (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that oral administration of Marrubium vulgare in long-term could significantly reduce serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels without any effect on serum glucose in diabetic rats.

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Background & Objective: Hyperalgesia is considered as one of the marked signs of subchronic diabetes mellitus that could affect the life style of the patients. Considering the evidence on antidiabetic effect of Allium ampeloprasum (AA), this study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of Allium ampeloprasum on formalin-induced nociceptive response in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

 

Materials & Methods: 45 male rats were randomly divided into control, AA-treated control, diabetic, sodium salicylate (SS)-treated diabetic, and AA-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, STZ was used at a 60mg/kg dose. The treatment groups received oral administration of AA-mixed pelleted food (6.25%) for one month. After one month, for all animals, blood glocuse concentration and formalin test measured. Data analyzed with using student paird t-test and ANOVA.

 

Results: The results showed that diabetic rats exhibited a higher score of pain at both phases of the formalin test (p<0.05) and AA treatment for one month did cause an improvement in this regard (p<0.05). Meanwhile, SS administration significantly reduced pain score only at chronic phase of the test (p<0.05).

 

Conclusion: This study indicated that one month administration of Allium ampeloprasum could attenuate nociceptive score in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus.

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Background and Objective: Reduction of serum glucose and lipids in diabetic patients due to medicinal plants is clinically very important. Therefore, the effect of Allium schoenoprasum feeding on blood glucose and lipids was investigated in male streptozotocin-diabetic Rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar Rats (n=32) were divided into 4 groups, i.e. control, Allium schoenoprasum -treated control, diabetic, and Allium schoenoprasum -treated diabetic groups. The treatment groups received oral administration of plant-mixed pelleted food at a weight ratio of 6.25% one week after the study for 6 weeks. For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin was administered at a dose of 60 mg/kg (i.p.). Serum glucose and lipids levels were determined before the study and at 3rd and 6th weeks after the study. Results: Serum glucose was significantly lower in Allium schoenoprasum -treated diabetic Rats at 3rd and 6th weeks as compared to untreated diabetics (p<0.05). In addition, serum total cholesterol did not show a significant change at 6th week in Allium schoenoprasum -treated diabetic Rats as compared to untreated diabetics. There was also a significant lower level of triglyceride in Allium schoenoprasum -treated diabetic Rats (p<0.05) and Allium schoenoprasum treatment caused significant improvement in HDL- and LDL- cholesterol levels in treated diabetic group as compared to untreated diabetic group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that oral administration of Allium schoenoprasum to streptozotocin-diabetic Rats at a food weight ratio of 6.25% has a significant hypoglycemic effect, reduces serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol level and increases serum HDL-cholesterol.

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Background and Objective: Chronic diabetes mellitus is accompanied with enhanced oxidative stress and reduce the activity of antioxidant defense system. Due to significant role of enhanced oxidative stress in development of renal damage in diabetices, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of Silymarin on oxidative stress markers in renal tissue of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control, silymarin-treated control (100 mg/kg bw), diabetic, and silymarin -treated diabetic groups (50 and 100 mg/kg bw). Silymarin was administered (daily and intraperitonealy) ten days after Streptozotocin injection for 4 weeks. Tissue level of malondialdehyde and nitrite and nitrate and activity of superoxide dismutase in kidney tissue were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: A significant increase in tissue level of malondialdehyde, nitrite and nitrate in diabetic rats were observed (P<0.05). Silymarin treatment (100 mg/kg/bw) significantly reduced the tissue level of Malondialdehyde, nitrate and nitrate (P<0.05). Non-significant recduction of activity of superoxide dismutase was oberved in diabetic rats and Silymarin treatment (50 and 100 mg/kg bw) did not significantly altered enzyme activity. Conclusion: Four weeks treatment of Silymarin (100 mg/kg bw) reduce oxidative stress indexes in renal tissue of diabetic rats.

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Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus cause learning, memory and cognitive skills disorders in the long term. This study was conducted to determine the protective effect of silymarin on the learning and memory deficiency in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 40 male Wistar rats weighing 240-300 grams. The rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups: control, silymarin -treated control (100 mg/kg), diabetic, and two silymarin -treated diabetic groups (50 and 100 mg/kg). Silymarin was daily administered (i.p. and daily) ten days after streptozotocin injection for 4 weeks. Finally, initial (acquisition index) and step-through latencies (retention and recall index) were measured using passive avoidance test and alternation behavior percentage as an index of spatial memory was determined using Y maze. The level of malondialdehyde in the homogenate hippocampal tissue of the animals brains was measured. Data were analyzed using Sigma Stat-3.5, one-way and two-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Kruskall-Wallis tests. Results: A significant reduction of STL was observed in diabetic (P<0.01) and silymarin-treated (50mg/kg) diabetic (P<0.05) groups and this parameter was significantly higher in diabetic group receiving a high dose of silymarin compared to diabetic group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, alternation percentage in diabetic animals was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05) and this index did not show a significant difference in silymarin-treated diabetic groups in comparison with diabetic group. In diabetic rats, there was a significant increase in the tissue level of malondialdehyde (P<0.05) and silymarin treatment with dosage of (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the level of MDA (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that although long-term administration of silymarin at a high dose (100 mg/kg) affects the ability to store data in memory and to recall it in diabetic animals in passive avoidance test, it does not improve short-term spatial memory in diabetic animals. The beneficial effects of silymarin may be via attenuation of lipid peroxidation in hippocampus tissue.

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Background and Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy in human. Patients suffer from spontaneous seizures and memory deficiency. This study was done to assess the effect of Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) administration on seizure, short-term spatial memory and stress oxidative indices in hippocampus of kainic acid-induced epilepsy. Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rats were randomly allocated into six groups: sham-operated CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/bw)-treated SH kainate CoQ10 (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg/bw) treated kainic acid. CoQ10 was intraperitoneally administered daily for one week before intra-hippocampal injection of kainic acid (4µg/kg/bw) in animals. Results: Kainic acid induced chronic and acute spontaneous seizures in animals. Also, kainic acid administration caused a reduction in alternational behavior rate (consecutive or serially entrance into all of arms in triplet set), increasing of malondialdehide, nitrite level and decreasing of superoxide dismutase activity compared to sham group (P<0.05). Pre-treatment of kainate rats with CoQ10 decreased rate of spontaneous seizures (P<0.05). CoQ10 increased alternational behavior rate, decreased malondialdehide and nitrite serum level (P<0.05). But it had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusion: Pre-treatment of kainic acid exposed rats with CoQ10 reduced rate of seizures and improved short-term spatial memory and oxidative stress indices in rats.

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Background and Objective: Hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia are the prevalent risk factors associated with diabetes and their attenuation in diabetic patients with medicinal plants has great significance. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Salvia officinalis (SO) administration on serum glucose, lipids and tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups including: control, SO-treated control, diabetic, and SO-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was used. SO powder was mixed with standard rat chow. Serum glucose and triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels were determined on the first day and at 3rd and 6th weeks after the intervention. Finally, liver level of MDA and protein were determined in liver homogenate. Results: At 6th week, serum glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic and SO-treated diabetic groups (P<0.001) in compare to controls. Oral consumption of SO did not significantly reduce serum glucose level. Serum triglyceride level significantly reduced in SO-treated diabetic group in compare to diabetic group (P<0.05). There was not significant difference between SO-treated diabetic and diabetic groups. Serum level of cholesterol, HDL, LDL and tissue MDA level in SO-treated diabetic group in compare to diabetic group. Conclusion: Chronic administration of Salvia officinalis reduces serum triglyceride level in diabetic rats, with no significant effect on glucose level and Malondialdehyde.

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Background and Objective: Acrylamide is a neurotoxic agent that increases oxidative stress by creating an imbalance between the production and removal of free radicals, which in turn contributes to the pathogenesis of some neurodegenerative disorders. Thymoquinone extracted from Nigella satvia has prominent antioxidant effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of thymoquinone on hippocampal oxidative stress and neuronal density following acrylamide administration in male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks and weighing 180-200 g were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7 rats: control, acrylamide, acrylamide + thymoquinone treatment (1 mg/kg), and acrylamide + thymoquinone treatment (5 mg/kg). For induction of brain injury, 50 mg/kg of acrylamide was injected intraperitoneally. Two days after the acrylamide injection, the rats were sacrificed, and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and catalase levels were measured in hippocampal homogenate. Evaluation of neuronal density in hippocampal CA1 region was also performed by Nissl staining.
Results: Acrylamide injection significantly increased MDA level and reduced GSH content and catalase activity in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). Administration of 5 mg/kg thymoquinone significantly reduced MDA level (P<0.05) but improved GSH and catalase activity in comparison with the acrylamide group (P<0.05). In addition, neuron density of hippocampal CA1 region did not differ significantly between the groups.
Conclusion: Thymoquinone can attenuate oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent manner.
 

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Background and Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by the degeneration of hippocampal neurons and the sprouting of mossy fibers in the dentate area. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa damascene on hippocampal tissue changes induced by kainic acid-induced epilepsy in rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats weighing between 185-225 grams were used. The animals were divided into four groups: sham group, sham treated with hydroalcoholic extract, epilepsy (kainic acid), and epilepsy pretreated with hydroalcoholic extract. Kainic acid was used for intra-hippocampal and unilateral injection to induce epilepsy in the animals at 0.8 micrograms per rat. The rats were given 500 mg/kg of the extract intraperitoneally daily for one week before surgery. Five weeks after surgery, thionin and Tim staining methods were performed on the hippocampal slices.
Results: Kainic acid-induced epilepsy resulted in convulsive behavior, and pretreatment with the hydroalcoholic extract significantly reduced the intensity of convulsive attacks (P<0.05). The density of neurons in the CA3 area of the hippocampus in the kainic acid group showed a significant decrease compared to the sham group (P<0.05), while pretreatment with the extract caused a significant increase in the number of neurons in this area compared to the kainic acid group. Additionally, a significant increase in the intensity of mossy fiber sprouting was observed in epileptic rats compared to the sham group, and pretreatment with the extract significantly decreased its intensity (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The pre-treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa damascena decreased convulsive behavior, protected hippocampal CA3 neurons and reduced the intensity of sprouting in the hippocampal dentate region in the experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy induced by kainic acid.