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Urinary tract infection is common disease in pregnancy and most symptomatic infection with grate danger for fetus and mother’s. This study has been done to determine the prevalency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in Gorgan in 2000. Mid-stream urine from 900 pregnant women was obtained. Urine analysis and culture for all of them have been done and positive cultured (Isolated bacteria with 100000-colony count) was antibiogramed by Kerby Buer method. Out of 900 urine specimen 3.7% of samples had positive urinary tract infection. The common organism isolated was E.coli (33.3%), Coagulase negative, Staphylococci (30.3%) and Klebsiella (15.2%). There was not a significant correlation between age, pariety, pregnancy age, fresh urinary infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria but there was a significant and correlation kidney stone between bacteriuria. Anti-microbial sensitivity pattern demonstrates more sensitivity of strain with Amikacin and Gentamycin. Although prevalence of bacteriuria in this (3.7%) lower than other studies in this country but for their severe sequele. This phenomen should be taken into more consideration further investigation in other part of the country should be done to face the probable difficulties.

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Background and Objective: Zinc and Copper are the important trace elements for human growth and body’s biological functions. These trace elements are the important cofactors of many enzymes. Serum variation of these trace elements are clinically important and should be taken into consideration, because fluctuation of these elements are behind many clinical manifestation in human. Diarrhea and vomiting can be the clinical symptoms associated with the toxic level of Zinc and Copper in the body. The concept behind this study is to determine the serum levels of Zinc and Copper in hemodialysis patients before and after dialysis, to explain the differences of such trace element concentration in these patients. Materials and Methods: This project is a comparative study. The sample population was 50 of hemodialysis patients chosen randomly from the patients referred to the 5th Azar Hospital in Gorgan (33 male and 17 female). The concentration of Zinc and Copper of these patients was determined before and after the dialysis. Results: The results from this research projects indicated that the average concentration of Zinc and Copper in hemodialysis patients after dialysis were 135.32±59.32 and 136.40±51.52 microgram/deciliter which markedly increase in compare to the serum concentration of these trace elements before the dialysis which were 78.38±37.46 and 89.92±32.54 microgram/deciliter respectively. On the basis of the results, we found in this study the average increased concentration of Zinc and Copper after the process of dialysis among the hemodialysis patients had a meaningful statistical variation (P<0.001). Conclusion: Uremia, dialysis blood tube, heavy metal contamination, the quality of dialysis membrane and the quality of water used for the process of dialysis can be a reason for the increased concentration of Zinc and Copper. Such increase in the serum concentration of these trace elements can be the basis for some clinical abnormalities. Therefore it is suggested to determine the rate of released Zinc and Copper from hemodialysis machine, before the procedure is done To enable the medical team to evaluate the serum Zinc and Copper and correct it by nutritional therapy.

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Background & Objective: Free radicals are formed in all living organisms during normal cell metabolism. Patients with chronic renal failure, which regularly dialyzed are the candidates for, free radical damages. The aim of this study with the discriminative information was to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on Lipid peroxidation (The level of Lipid peroxidation expressed as malondialdehyde) and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme (Glutathione peroxidase) before and after the dialysis and compared with control group, to find out the effect of hemodialysis on the level of Lipid peroxidation of plasma and the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme. Materials & Methods: This investigation was an analytical type of study and sampling procedure was according to purposive method. 22 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) disease who were hemodialysed at 5th Azar Hospital of Gorgan dialysis center and 22 age and sex matched healthy control were recruited for this study. The data was analyzed by SPSS software using T-test. Results: Plasma malondialdehyde showed significant difference between the predialysis (And control group. It was increased in the postdialysis group (2.32±0.38 nmol/ml) when compared with predialysis (1.27±0.23 nmol/ml) and control group (0.98±0.17 nmol/ml). Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme was decreased in postdialysis group (22.26±4.76 unit/gram hemoglobin) when compared with predialysis (29.66±5.95 unit/gram hemoglobin) and control group (37.52±6.26 unit/gram hemoglobin). There was also significant difference between control and predialysis group. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme was lower than control group in dialysis group. Conclusion: The observation of meaningful differences in reduction of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme and increasing level of plasma Lipid peroxidation in the hemodialysed patients after the process of dialysis, maybe related with the patient, uremia, dialysis membrane (The loosing antioxidant enzyme through this membrane), and the dialysis process (May increase Lipid peroxidation during the dialysis process). These states of affairs may play an important role in progress of cardiovascular abnormality in hemodialysed patients. Due to this conditions a review of hemodialysis membrane, the techniques used in the dialysis, the consumption of various oral antioxidant, the elimination of active oxygens from the dialysis surrounding are among the measures which can prevent sudden cardiovascular abnormality in the hemodialysis patients and ultimately these important factors up-grade the patients quality of life.