---

Background and Objective: Poor sleep quality is common among hemodialysis patients and can potentially predict morbidity, mortality and quality of life in these patients. On the other hand, hemodialysis patients are encountered with vitamin C deficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous vitamin C on sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 60 qualified hemodialysis patients were gone under investigation in Sari a city located in North of Iran during 2010. Patients randomly allocated in two equal intervention and control groups. The main measured outcome was the Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) which consists of seven components. At the end of each hemodialysis session, Intervention group received vitamin C vial (500mg/5cc) intravenously, three times a week for 8 weeks and control group received normal saline in a same way. Data were collected at pretreatment and after two months of treatment. Data were analyzed by Independent t test, Paired t test, Wilcoxon and Chi-Square tests.

Results: The result indicated that the sleep quality improves significantly in vitamin C group but not in control group (P<0.001). Vitamin C caused significant improvement in subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances in intervention group (p<0.05). Also, Global PSQI score of intervention group had a greater improvement than control group. Moreover vitamin C caused significant improvement in subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances in intervention group after treatment (p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that intravenous vitamin C can effectively improve sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.

---

Background and Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that can be time-consuming and cause considerable disruption to routine activities, occupational functioning, social activities, and relationships with others. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder among high school girl students.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 342 high school female students in Amol city, northern Iran in the academic year of 2018-19. Cluster random sampling mehod was applied in this study. The Maudsley OCD Questionnaire was used for screening and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire was used to confirm obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Results: 98 students (28.7 %) had positive symptoms. The highest frequency was related to slowness and repetition (37 cases), followed by doubting (36 cases), repetitive checking (35 cases), cleaning (31 cases), and finally rumination (12 cases). Among the 98 screened individuals, 67 were positive based on the Yale-Brown questionnaire. Severity of the obsessive compulsive disorder was mild in 37 cases (55.2 %), moderate in 21 cases (31.34%) and severe in 9 cases (13.43%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder observed in one-third of high school students in the area.

---

Background and Objective: Iron deficiency anemia lead to a decrease in intelegence question (IQ) and a decrease in learning and mental and physical abilities. This study was done to determine the status of iron intake in infants aged 6 to 24 months under the cover of comprehensive health centers in Miandorood city, Mazandaran province, Iran during 2019.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 400 infants aged 6-24 months who were enrolled in comprehensive health centers in Miandorood city, Mazandaran province, Iran during 2019. The status of iron drop consumption and mothers' awareness in this field were evaluated.
Results: The mean age of the infants was 13.8±4.8 months. The range of the mother’s age was 28.8±5.6 years. Of these, 274 (68.5%) of infants used iron drops regularly, 106 case (26.5%) often, and 20 case (5.0%) never. The mother's knowledge score was significantly correlated with the type of iron intake, height percentile, and maternal education level (P<0.05). Evaluation of the possible causes of irregular iron intake shows that the most frequent cases were forgetting (28.8%), 9.5% for nausea and vomiting, and ‎‎9.0% for teeth color changing.‎
Conclusion: Mothers' awareness of iron drops consumption was good. The most important barriers to regular iron intake in the present study were forgetfulness, vomiting, and tooth discoloration.