Showing 7 results for Hiv
S S Bani Aghil, S Abbasi, M Arab, M S Seyedein,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are the three main agents of Communicable disorders transmitted by blood transfusion. The survey of these virus-caused infections in Blood donors can display epidemiology of infections in province and be useful for evaluating donors’ health. The aim of this study was serologic Study of infections caused by HBV, HCV and HIV in Blood donors of Golestan province, Iran. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on all files of blood donors, referred to Golestan Blood transfusion Services, with positive Lab results. We assess the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV, and demographic data of blood donors and analyzed the data by chi-square, using SPSS soft ware. Results: During 2006-2008, 128198 people have donated in Golestan province. The prevalence of HBV during 2006-2008 is respectively 1.25%, 0.95% and 0.11% HCV is 14%, 13% and of HIV is 0.0015 %( just 2 cases in 2007). The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HCV is higher in male, married and donors with high school diploma. Also the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV is lower in regular donors rather the first time donors. Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of HBV and HCV is decreased during three years. This decrease can be due to physician’s supervision for selecting healthy donor and availability of donors’ medical record. Key words: Golestan Province, HIV, HCV, HBV, demographic,prevalence
H Naziri, A Tabarraei, A Ghaemi, Ma Davarpanah, N Javid, A Moradi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Resistance to antiretroviral agents is a significant concern in clinical management of HIV-infected individuals. Resistance is the result of mutations that develops in the viral protein targeted by antiretroviral agents.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the blood samples of 40 HIV-positive patients were collected. Twenty of them were drug-naïve and the rest were under treatment for at least one year by antiretroviral agents. Virus genome was extracted from patient's plasma with high-pure-viral-nucleic-acid kit. Then, by means of reverse-transcriptase and specific primers of protease genes were amplified and sequenced. Sequences of genes, drug- antiretroviral- resistant mutations and subtypes were determined using Stanford University’s HIV-drug-resistance databases.
Results: Drug-naive patients show 15% resistance to nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and 20% resistance to non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Anti-protease resistance is not observed in any patients. In under treatment patients, drug resistance to NNRTI (25%) is more than drug resistance to NRTI (20%) and the rate of drug resistance to protease inhibitor is 5%.
Conclusion: Our findings show a high prevalence of drug-resistant mutations in Iranian-drug-naïve-HIV-infected patients. But in under treatment individuals, the rate of drug resistance is less than previous studies.
Keywords: HIV Nucleoside Inhibitor Non-Nucleoside Inhibitor Protease Inhibitor
Gol Mohammadi, R, Tabaraei, A, Abbasi, A, Khademi, N, Mahdavian, B, Javid, N, Kaleji, H, Kamasi,a, Bazoori, M, Moradi, A,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) can effectively prevent the progression of HIV-1 replication and increase life expectancy. There are numerous causes of treatment failure and the leading one is drug resistance. Thus, we aimed to determine the HIV RT gene drug resistance mutations in patients treated with antiretroviral medications.
Material and Methods: In this cross - sectional study, venous blood was taken from 130 HIV-positive patients treated with antiretroviral medications. In order to determine drug resistance mutations, RT-PCR and PCR steps were performed using RT gene specific primers. Subtypes and mutations in the virus genome were determined using the Stanford HIV drug resistance sequence database.
Results: In 122 treating patients, most of the major mutations were associated with nucleoside and non-nucleoside drugs. subtype A in 66.4%, subtype D in 26.2% and subtype B in 7.4% of the participants were reported. They were resistant to Nucleoside RT Inhibitor drugs (23.7%) and Non-Nucleoside RT Inhibitor drugs(30.3%). The highest were related to Nevirapine (21.3%) and Efavirenz (19.7%) and the lowest to both Tenofovir and Zidovudine (91.5%).
Conclusion: The use of two nucleoside RT inhibitor drugs combined with one protease inhibitor drug could be effective in the treatment of HAART.
Key words: HIV, Nucleoside RT Inhibitor, Non- Nucleoside RT Inhibitor
Hosseini, Ma, Baniaghil, Ss, Mahmoodi, E, Bagheri Sani, Y, Dahbashi, Gh,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: The donor selection and screening of blood donors for infectious factors is the main target of blood transfusion organization. this study aimed at determining the prevalence of HCV, HBV and HIV in blood donors of Golestan province , from 2012 to 2013.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all files of blood donors with positive lab results in Golestan Blood Transfusion Services. The test results, demographic characteristics and the Prevalence of hepatitis B and C and HIV were determined . The results were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The blood donors were 47,830 and 45,811 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The Prevalence of HBV in 2012 was%0. 299 and in 2013 %0. 284; of HCV % 0. 06 in 2012 and % 0.05 in 2013, and the prevalence of both HCV and HIV totally was 0. 001percent in two years of study. The highest rate of positive case was among the first time donors, married and in those with less than high school education (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Regarding the high rate of positive cases among the first-time blood donors, married and less educated, it is recommended that public media be used for giving information to control communicable infections.
Keyword: HBV; HCV; HIV; Prevalence; Blood Donors .
Hasan Kaleji, Alijan Tabaraei, Abdollah Abbasi, Naemeh Javeed , Masoud Bazoori , Reza Golmohamadi , Abdolvahab Moradi,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (11-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Various cellular factors affect the process of HIV activity. One of these cellular factors are structures known as microRN that are expected to be involved in controlling HIV replication and infectivity. The expression of one or a set of them may represent the patient's clinical conditions. In this study, the expression of miR-29a and miR-29b involved in regulating viral genes’ expression was evaluated in three HIV-positive groups and a healthy control group. Later, the expression level of these microRNAs was compared between the cases and controls.
Methods: Total RNA extraction was performed on the collected samples using RNx-plus kit and then the microRNA expression levels were evaluated using Relative Real-time PCR. The obtained data was entered into SPSS 22 and Graphpad softwares and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Man-Whitney tests. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significance level.
Results: The expression level of miR-29a was reduced in patients under treatment and drug-resistant patients ( P ≤ 0.05) . All three HIV-positive groups including people without drug treatment, patients under treatment and drug-resistant patients showed reduced miR-29b expression level compared to control group (P ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: the decreased expression of miR-29a and miR-29b in patients under treatment and drug-resistant patients indicates an increased viral replication and reduced CD4 cell count. It may be possible to predict the progression of the disease by miRNA measurement or control viral replication using these mir-RNAs that requires further studies.
Keywords: HIV, expression, mir-29a, mir-29b.
Ahmad Hosseinzadeh Adli , Chiman Karami , Sareh Zhand , Reza Talei , Abdolvahab Moradi ,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (7-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Globally, about one third of the population has been infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and more than 400 million people have become chronically infected. Nearly, 20-25% of all carriers develop serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to the World Health Organization, HBV infection causes more than one million deaths every year. Co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HBV is common, since both viruses have the same routes of transmission. Approximately 10 -15% of HIV-infected individuals develop chronic hepatitis B. The risk of liver diseases-related deaths is also higher in the co-infected patients. According to previous studies, mutation of the pre-core (PC) and basal-core promoter (BCP) regions may play an important role in development of HBV-related HCC and severe liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate mutations in the BCP, PC and core regions of HBV in HIV-positive patients.
Methods: DNA was extracted using commercial kits to determine the BCP, PC/core mutations in 124 HIV/HBV co-infected patients (32.4% female and 67.6% male). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using specific primers. The positive PCR products were subjected to automated sequencing. Then, nucleotide sequences were aligned with the standard hepatitis B sequence [Gene bank, accession number: AB033559] for mutation detection and analysis.
Results: In this study, three patients (8.1%) were HBeAg-positive and all of them were HBsAg-positive. The mean of CD4 cell count was 120 cells/mL. The mean age of the patients was 36.16 years. The important pathological mutations in HBV patients including 1752A (73%), 1773C (70.3%), 1753C (10.8%), 1896A (8.1%) and 1762T/1764A (2.7%) were detected in this study.
Conclusion: Identification of mutations in co-infected patients is of greater importance compared to mono-infected patients, because it can be useful for prediction of HCC-related mutations. Co-infection with HIV has important effects on the natural history of HBV infection, and creates different mutational patterns compared to mono-infected patients.
Keywords: HBV, HIV, Mutation.
Arash Nikyar, Azam Bolhassani, Fatemeh Rouhollah, Masoumeh Heshmati,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: HIV-1 Nef and Vpr antigens have been described as suitable candidates for therapeutic HIV vaccine development. The aim of this study was to generate Nef-Vpr fusion gene construct and to clone the construct into pET-23a (+), a prokaryotic expression vector.
Methods: HIV-1 Nef and Vpr genes were PCR-amplified from the pNL4-3 plasmid using specific primers and Pfu DNA polymerase. Results of PCR amplification were visualized by electrophoresis on 0.8% agarose gel. At first, the amplified Nef fragment was cloned into NheI and BamHI restriction sites of pET-23a expression vector. Next, cloning of Vpr gene was performed into BamHI and HindIII restriction sites of the pET-23a-Nef vector. Finally, purity of the recombinant pET-23-Nef-Vpr construct was determined by NanoDrop spectrophotometry.
Results: PCR amplification of Nef and Vpr genes was confirmed by detection of ~ 620 bp and ~ 291 bp bands, respectively. Cloning of the Nef-Vpr construct into the vector was confirmed by detection of a ~ 911 bp fragment following enzymatic digestion with NheI and HindIII and sequencing.
Conclusion: The successful construction of recombinant fusion plasmid encoding a chimeric Nef-Vpr gene was performed in a prokaryotic expression vector for development of HIV-1 recombinant protein vaccine in near future.
