Tajeddin, E. (msc), Jahani Sherafat, S. (msc), Seyyed Majidi, M. R. (md), Alebouyeh, M. (phd), Nazemalhosseini Mojarad, E. (msc), Pourhossengholi, A. (phd), Mohammad Alizadeh A H (md), Zali, Mr (md),
Volume 5, Issue 2 (Autumn – Winter 2011[PERSIAN] 2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Bile in healthy people is a sterile fluid and presence of any microorganism can be a marker for a disorder like cholelithiasis. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial agents in the bile of patients with bilestone, malignant pancreatic and biliary diseases. Material and Methods: One hundred and two bile samples were obtained, during six months in 2011, from patients subjected to ERCP in Taleghani hospital, Tehran. First, Patient's clinical data, the type stone, and their disease status were studied, and then the microbiological investigations, such as culture, identification of the bacteria and detection of their counts, drug susceptibility testing and molecular tests (16s rDNA PCR) performed on all the samples. Higher than 103 bacteria counts for each sample, in the absence of underlying infections, was considered as stable colonization. We run SPSS version 13 to analyze the data. Results: Out of 42(41.1%) positive bile culture samples, 59 bacterial isolates are detected by conventional methods. Of culture negative samples, seven have bacterial DNA indicated by PCR method. The most isolated bacteria are E. coli (%34.4), Enterococcus spp. (%19.7), Klebsiella pneumoniae (%18) and Pseudomonas aeruginos (18%). The most frequent stones are cholesterol, black pigment and brown pigment, respectively. There is no significant association between the diseases, stones and types of bacteria. Previous antibiotic usage (44.6%) is meaningfully more than that of other biliary problems (p=0.01) Conclusion: The presence of bacteria, Escherchi coli and Entrococcus which are the most in bile samples, is considered as a risk factor in pathogenesis of biliary disorders. Further studies on the pathogenesis and pathophysiological effects of bacteria can help us to clarify the role of bacteria in producing bile stones. Key words: Bile stones, Bacteria, ERCP, Antibiotics.
Shokoohi Zade, L, Mohabbati Mobarez, A, Alebooye, M, Ranjbar, R, Zali, Mr,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (supplement Issue[PERSIAN] 2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: some of predisposing factors for enterococci colonization are hospitalization in ICU, prolonged use of antibiotics and continued bed rest in hospital. In this study antibiotic resistance of enterococcus in hospitalized patients of four hospitals in Tehran were studied. Material and Methods: the Clinical samples were taken from patients admitted to the ICU, from September 2011 to April 2012. Enterococci isolates were confirmed by biochemical tests, and Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus species by species-specific ddl genes. The disk diffusion and micro agar dilution susceptibility tests were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: of 41 isolates in ICUs, 22 (5.52%) were E. faecium and 19 (5.47%) were E. faecalis. Most of E. faecium was isolated from urine and E. faecalis from trachea specimens. The rate of resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin in E. faecium isolates was more than that of E. faecalis and the rate of resistance to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was the same in both of them. MIC50 in vancomycin and ampicillin resistant E. faecium isolates was greater than 256 microgram and the MIC50 in gentamicin resistant isolates was more than 1024 microgram. . Conclusion: The presence of multi-resistant E. faecium strains in ICUs can be a serious warning for physicians and patients. Key words: Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, ICU, Antibiotic Resistance
