Azad Khaledi , Daymad Fatemeh , Seyyed Mohammad Javad Hosseini , Maryam Meskini , Davoud Esmaeili ,
Volume 12, Issue 6 (Nov - Dec 2018)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that affects different groups of people, especially intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The prevalence of infections caused by this bacterium is very high. Today, prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extreme-drug resistant (XDR) strains is increasing. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of A. baumannii isolates from ICU patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 on patients admitted to ICU of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran, Iran. Clinical samples of various sources were collected from patients. Isolates were detected and identified via microbiological and biochemical tests as well as PCR amplification of the blaOxa51 gene. Then, susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 22, Chicago, IL, USA) using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.
Results: Of the total of 62 clinical samples, 24 (39%) were respiratory samples and only three (6%) were cerebrospinal fluid samples. Most MDR and XDR strains were isolated from respiratory samples. The highest resistance rate was against ceftriaxone, ticarcillin and erythromycin (100%), while the lowest resistance rate was against to minocycline (20%).
Conclusion: Owing to detection of high multi-drug resistance isolates in the present study, and importance of multi-drug resistance in A. baumannii, the identification of multi-drug resistance genes and their reporting to health care/treatment centers is important. Thus, it is recommended to perform susceptibility testing to help determine the most effective antibiotic(s) for the treatment of infections in ICU patients.
Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, MDR, XDR, ICU.
Maryam Meskini , Azad Khaledi , Davoud Esmaeili ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (Jan-Feb 2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative opportunistic pathogen and an important cause of wound infections and nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to study inhibitory effects of a new ointment prepared from medicinal plants against P. aeruginosa isolates.
Methods: In this study, an ointment called ZOUSH was prepared from mixing alcoholic extracts of Satureja khuzestaniea, Zataria multiflora, Mentha mozaffariani Jamzad, honey and polyurethane. Minimal inhibitory concentration of ZOUSH and its compositions alone or combined was determined using the disk diffusion method.
Results: S. khuzestaniea, Z. multiflora and Mentha mozaffariani Jamzad had inhibitory effects against P. aeruginosa. The ZOUSH ointment had greater antibacterial effects than the any of its compositions used solely or combined. The diameter of inhibition zone had a direct relationship with the concentration of the extracts. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of the ZOUSH ointment was identical to that of polymyxine B (300 µg).
Conclusion: We demonstrated that the ZOUSH ointment has inhibitory effects against P. aerugionosa. The inhibition zone diameter is directly correlated with the concentration of the extracts. Our results suggest that the ointment could be useful for treatment of burn wounds and skin infections.
Maryam Meskini, Mohsen Korani , Davoud Esmaeili ,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (Jul-Aug 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Burns are a major global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 180,000 deaths annually. The majority of burn-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Considering the importance of treating infected burn wounds with the least adverse effects, we aimed to search the literature to find new treatments for infected wounds using medicinal plants.
Methods: The search process was carried out using various databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. We searched for relevant original and review articles (published in English or Persian) using the following keywords: herbal extract, herbal medicine, burn infection, and wound infection.
Results: Overall, we found approximately 100 articles related to the use of medicinal plants for treatment of wounds or infections. According to these studies, main constituents of plant extracts were carvacrol, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic diterpenes, and phenolic acids. Most studies assessed the antimicrobial activity by determining minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration using the disc diffusion method.
Conclusion: Given the favorable antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants, it is recommended to use them for treatment of burn wound infections.
