Tajeddin, E. (msc), Jahani Sherafat, S. (msc), Seyyed Majidi, M. R. (md), Alebouyeh, M. (phd), Nazemalhosseini Mojarad, E. (msc), Pourhossengholi, A. (phd), Mohammad Alizadeh A H (md), Zali, Mr (md),
Volume 5, Issue 2 (Autumn – Winter 2011[PERSIAN] 2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Bile in healthy people is a sterile fluid and presence of any microorganism can be a marker for a disorder like cholelithiasis. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial agents in the bile of patients with bilestone, malignant pancreatic and biliary diseases. Material and Methods: One hundred and two bile samples were obtained, during six months in 2011, from patients subjected to ERCP in Taleghani hospital, Tehran. First, Patient's clinical data, the type stone, and their disease status were studied, and then the microbiological investigations, such as culture, identification of the bacteria and detection of their counts, drug susceptibility testing and molecular tests (16s rDNA PCR) performed on all the samples. Higher than 103 bacteria counts for each sample, in the absence of underlying infections, was considered as stable colonization. We run SPSS version 13 to analyze the data. Results: Out of 42(41.1%) positive bile culture samples, 59 bacterial isolates are detected by conventional methods. Of culture negative samples, seven have bacterial DNA indicated by PCR method. The most isolated bacteria are E. coli (%34.4), Enterococcus spp. (%19.7), Klebsiella pneumoniae (%18) and Pseudomonas aeruginos (18%). The most frequent stones are cholesterol, black pigment and brown pigment, respectively. There is no significant association between the diseases, stones and types of bacteria. Previous antibiotic usage (44.6%) is meaningfully more than that of other biliary problems (p=0.01) Conclusion: The presence of bacteria, Escherchi coli and Entrococcus which are the most in bile samples, is considered as a risk factor in pathogenesis of biliary disorders. Further studies on the pathogenesis and pathophysiological effects of bacteria can help us to clarify the role of bacteria in producing bile stones. Key words: Bile stones, Bacteria, ERCP, Antibiotics.
P Torabi, M Azimirad, Z Hasani, M Janmaleki, H Peirovi, M Alebouyeh, Mr Zali,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (spring[PERSIAN] 2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was aimed to determine the extent of bacterial contamination and drug resistance patterns of isolates colonized in colonoscope and endoscope and in relevant personnel.
Material and Methods: A total of 107 samples were obtained from staff of endoscopy and colonoscopy units (SEU and SCU) and gastroenterological imaging equipment. For isolation and identification of the bacteria, swab culture method and biochemical identification test were used, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance profiles, multi-drug resistance (MDR) patterns and phenetic relatedness of these isolates were also analyzed according to standard methods.
Results: Most frequent pathogenic bacteria among the SEU and gastroenterological imaging related equipments were included S. aureus (20.8 % and 0 %) Enterococcus spp. (0 % and 5.4%) Pseudomonas spp. (0% and 13.5 %), and Clostridium difficile (0% and 12.5%). Analysis of resistance phenotypes showed a high frequency of MDR phenotypes among the SEU (82.1%), and also in endoscopes, colonoscopes, and other equipments (20%, 50% and 100%, respectively). Phylotyping of S. epidermidis isolates showed the role of staff in transmission of resistance strains to medical equipments and also circulation of strains with identical resistance phenotype among the studied samples.
Conclusion: High frequency of pathogenic bacteria in colonoscopes, endoscopes and in the staff of endoscopy & colonoscopy units, and also contamination of these instruments with MDR pathogens emphasize the need for proper disinfection of endoscopes and colonoscopes and also instruction of staff in these units.
Key words: Bacterial Contamination Endoscope Colonoscope Antimicrobial Resistance Gastrointestinal Disease.
Mahmoud Alebouyeh , Zahra Abedi , Hossein Rastegar , Hasan Bagheri , Javad Vaez, Behrouz Akbari-Adergani ,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (Nov,Dec-2015 2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Aluminum salts are among the most common useful additive compounds in preparation of human and animal vaccines. Aluminum phosphate and aluminum hydroxide are two additives that show good immunoadjuvant effects with many antigens. Aluminum-containing vaccines lead to a better and longer immune response compared to adjuvant-lacking vaccines. The Chromogenic methods used for determination of aluminum amounts in manufacturing centers are time-consuming and requires some experienced technicians to obtain accurate results. This study aimed to design and validate a simple polarographic method to measure aluminum in recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
Methods: In this study, the effects of temperature, pH, potential range and potential scan rate on the polarographic method of measuring aluminum in hepatitis B vaccine was evaluated and the optimal values for each of these factors were achieved.
Results: In order to measure aluminum, temperature of 60 °C and pH of 4.5 were found as the optimal values. Implementation of polarographic method in the potential range of -0.25 to 0.1 volts had a better signal.
Conclusion: Since the polarography method is more simple, accurate and faster than the chromogenic methods, it is suitable to be used for the measurement of aluminum in hepatitis B vaccine and it is recommended to be used in quality control laboratories for biological products.
Keywords: Adjuvant, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Polarography, Aluminum.
