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Background and Objective: Family violence is known as a painful reality which does impact on all aspects of the victims' lives. The burden of family violence on the health of 15-44 year old women is more than that of breast cancer, womb cancer and the accident. This study was done to determine the effective factors on confronting violence on married women. Methods: This descriptive - analysis study was done on 273 married women whom referred to health centers in Kordkuy city in Golestan province, north of Iran during 2011. The sample size has been made through casual classification out of proportionate sharing. The rate of exposure to physical, psychological and sexual violence was recorded in questionnaire for each subject. Results: The average age and marital age of women and their husbands was 29.4±7.8, 19.6±3.7 and 23.6± 3.9 years, respectively. 86.2% of the women were housewives. The exposure rate of physical, psychological and sexual violence was: 32.8%, 49% and 33.7%, respectively. The important factors related to womens and husbands were education of women and their husbands, women employement, marriage age of women and their husbands (P<0.05). The important factors related to family were number of children and household income (P<0.05) Conclusion: Level of education, employee, marriatal age and family income were the effective factors in confronting violence on married women in northern Iran.

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Background and Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of 50% of death in women after menopause. This study was done to evaluate the effect of combined training on cystatin C, high- sensitivity C-reactive protein and some cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary postmenopausal women.

Methods: In this quasi -experimental study, 24 sedentary postmenopausal women (50-65 years) were non-randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Women in the experimental group were received a combined training program including aerobic exercise (65-75% of MHR) and resistance exercise (55-65% of 1RM), 4 d/wk for 10 weeks. The control group did not participate in any physical activity. Body weight, BMI, BF%, blood pressure, levels of cystatin C, C-reactive protein, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C were measured before and after study.

Results: Exercise training showed no significant effect on serum levels of cystatin C, C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors such as HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride and blood pressure in postmenopausal women.

Conclusion: Short-term combined training with moderate intensity has no effect on cystatin C levels and other cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary postmenopausal women.

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Background and Objective: Several studies have shown that high level of Endothelin-1 and Malondialdehyde lead to an increase in the risk of coronary artery diseases. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on Endothelin-1 and Malondialdehyde in inactive elderly women.

Methods: In this quasi -experimental study, 21 inactive elderly women with range of 60-70 year non-randomly divided into experimental (n=11) and control (n=10) groups. The aerobic training including eight weeks aerobic training (with intensity of 50-70 percent of reserve heart rate), 3 times a week, and 60 minutes per session. Endothelin-1 and Malondialdehyde were measured at baseline and at the end of the study.

Results: After eight weeks of aerobic exercise, Endothelin-1 level reduced in intervention group (35.96%) and control group (41.09%) (P<0.05). After eight weeks of aerobic exercise there was no significat difference between intervention and control groups. After eight weeks of aerobic exercise reduce of Malondialdehyde level in intervention and control groups was not significant difference.

Conclusion: Regarding to reducing the serum level of Endothelin-1 in in the control and experimental groups, the aerobic training with moderate intensity did not lead to reduce in levels of serum Endothelin-1 in elderly women.

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Background and Objective: Sexual abuse including rape is a serious problem in one socity. One of the serious consequences of rape is depression. This study was done to determine the prevalence of depression among women complaining of rape in Tehran, Iran (2013).

Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 130 rape victims whom referred to the legal medicine center in Tehran, Iran during 2013. Beck questionnaire scale was used to determining of depression among women.

Results: The age range of 57% of victims of rape was between 20-30 years old. 48% of victims of rape were married .The rate of depression in victims of rape was 47.7%. Low, moderate and sever of depression was observed in 58%, 27.5% and 14.5% of the victims, respectively.

Conclusion: High prevalence of depression was determined in victims of rape in Tehran, Iran.

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Background and Objective: Changing of lifestyle in women and increasing their social activity especially in working places can affect women’s sexual quality of life (SQOL). This study was done to determine the affecting factors on sexual quality of life among hospital employee's women.

Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was carried out on 121 women who work in the two hospitals in Sabzevar city and Birjand city in Iran during 2014. Data was collected using two questionnaires including the Iranian version of sexual quality of life-female (SQOL-F) questionnaire and a researcher-made measure to assess demographic characteristics, health related, and work-related variables.

Results: The mean±SD score of SQOL-F was 80.1±19.7. The univariate analysis showed that the mean score of SQOL-F significantly related with age (P<0.05), duration of sleep (P<0.05), marital duration (P<0.05), educational level (P<0.05), and physical activity (P<0.05). The regression modeling indicated that educational level (β=0.33), marital duration (β=0.32) and quality of sleep (β=0.56) were predictors of SQOL-F scores.

Conclusion: This study showed that educational level, marital duration and quality of sleep were predictors of SQOL-F scores among hospital employee's women.

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Background and Objective: Spirituality refers to considering the cultural-religious beliefs of the people in the therapeutic process and taking into account the transcendental dimension of the clients who lead them to the transcendental source. This study was conducted to determine the effect of spirituality therapy on the resilience of women with breast cancer in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 women with breast cancer referred to the oncology and chemotherapy clinic in Tehran, Iran during 2016. Subjects were selected by available sampling method and then non-randomly divided into two groups of 15 intervention and control groups. The intervention group was subjected to psychological intervention during 11 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group did not receive intervention. Patients completed the Conner and Davidson resiliency questionnaire (2003) before and after the end of the treatment period.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the resiliency score of the intervention and control groups in the beginning of the study were 3.64±0.22 and 3.77±1.13, respectively. This rate was 4.30±0.41 and 3.68±0.1 in patients in intervention and control groups, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Spiritual therapy intervention increased the resiliency of women with breast cancer.

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Background and Objective: Considering the communication patterns of couples is one way of looking at the structure of the family through which spouses interact each other. This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of emotionally coupled therapy and redecision therapy on changing of marital communication skills in married women.
Methods: This quezi-expermental study was done on 30 women who were chosen via available sampling through distressed women referred to centers of counselling in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2016. Selected women non-randomly divided in three groups including control, treated with emotionally focused couple therapy intervention and the redecision therapy intervention groups. Women in control group did not receive any intervention. Communication styles questioner was used for pretest and post test.
Results: Emotionally focused couple therapy and redecision therapy significantly improved the communication styles of married women and maintain healthy gains, even up to six months after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy and redecision therapy methods.
Conclusion: Emotionally focused couple therapy and redecision therapy have the same effect on improvement of communication styles of married women.

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Background and Objective: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as atherosclerosis and doing high intensity training may enhance oxidative stress. This study was done to evaluate the effect of eight weeks resistance training on malondialdehyd, total, antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes and lipid profile in overweight and obese women.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 16 overweight and obese women were non-randomly divided into intervention (n=9) and control (n=7) groups. The resistance training included the resistance training (with intensity of 50-80% one repetition maximum) that lasted for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Every session lasted for 60 minutes. Malondialdehyd, total antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes and lipid profile for each subject was measured.
Results: The eight weeks resistance training significantly increased total antioxidant capacity high density lipoprotein and triglyceride in interventional group in compared to controls (p<0.05). The eight weeks resistance training significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase in comparison with control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks resistance training by reducing malondialdehyd and increasing total antioxidant capacity may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis disease and improving cardiovascular health.

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Background and Objective: Dietary acid load affects acid–base homeostasis, which may be associated with overweight and obesity as well as dietary quality index international (DQI-I), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), energy density (ED). This study was done to determine the association between dietary acid load with weight status and dietary quality indices among women.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was randomly performed on 306 women aged 20 to 55years. Dietary acid load was calculated by potential renal acid load (PRAL), net endogenous acid production (NEAP) and dietary acid load (DAL). DQI-I, MAR, ED were estimated for the participants.
Results: The probability of obesity (95% CI=0.97-5.50, OR=2.33, P=0.04), as well as abdominal adiposity (95% CI=1.21-4.50, OR=2.4, P=0.005) was significantly increased with tertile of DAL (P<0.05). While even after control of confounder variables, other dietary acid load indices (PRAL and NEAP) showed no significant association between dietary acid load and obesity, overweight or abdominal obesity. Also ,with increasing dietary acid load scores, DQI-I and MAR significantly decreased whereas energy density showed a significant increased across tertile categories of dietary acid load indices (P<0.05).
Conclusion: DAL was associated with increased risk of obesity and abdominal obesity. PRAL, NEAP and DAL were good indicators of diet quality indices.
 

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Background and Objective: The undesirable and destructive effects of stress on the lives of many couples are grounds for marital burnout and consequently, the quality of the couple’s marital relationship is affected. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training on reducing couple burnout among women.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 married women referred to the Counseling and Psychological Services Center during 2016 with a score of 75 on their marital burnout questionnaire. Subjects were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups that each included 15 members and the pre-test-post-test-follow-up method was performed. The intervention group participated in an 8-session course of mindfulness-based stress reduction training. No intervention was provided for the subjects in the control group until the end of the follow-up stage. The data were collected using Pines Marital Burnout Scale (1996) which were completed in pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up stages by subjects in both groups. In the study groups, the components of marital burnout including physical fatigue, mental fatigue and emotional fatigue were compared and evaluated.
Results: Mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention reduced marital burnout and its components (physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and affective fatigue) in the interventional group compared to the control group at the end of the intervention and after one month follow-up (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction training is an effectiveness intervention for reducing the level of marital burnout among women.

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Background and Objective: Obesity considered to be one of the major health problems and risk factors of a wide range of diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, blood pressure and various types of cancer. This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of integrated group psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral stress management on body image and mindful eating of obese women.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 45 obese women were randomly divided into three groups including integrated group therapy (first intervention), behavioral-cognitive stress management (second intervention) and control groups. All of the three groups fulfilled a pretest but the control group did not receive any intervention. Intervention groups received nine sessions of therapy. Data were collected through questionnaires of body image and mindful eating.
Results: Reduction in worry in body image and mindful eating were observed in integrated group therapy and behavioral-cognitive stress management (P<0.05). However, the difference between mean values of body image and mindful eating scores in behavioral-cognitive stress management and integrated groups were 0.852 and 22.93, respectively which was not significant.
Conclusion: Integrated group therapy and cognitive-behavioral stress management was shown to have an effect on the body image and mindful eating in obese women.