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Background&Objective: Varicocele represents the most common corrigible surgery in infertile men. The aim of present study was to evaluation the effect of varicocelectomy on heptads semen parameters in patients with abnormal semen parameters. Materials&Methods: This study was conducted on infertile patients who have abnormal semen analysis according to WHO parameters and to an urologist diagnosis, they have varicocele size with grade II, III, they came to infertility clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Iran, 2004. The Inguinal varicocelectomy was performed over these patients by an urologist. They follow up on the basis of varicocele, post surgery complication, and semen analysis for three months. Results: 67 patients participated in this study with the mean age of 33/6±7/3 and a range of 20-50 years. The patients’s infertility range was 2-20 years, and with the mean 6/5±4/02. %58 has varicocele with grade two and %42 with grade three. In this study, the significant change in total sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology (P<0.05), was observed in patients before and after varicocelectomy. It hasn’t also observed any significant association between heptads semen analysis parameters and varicocele grade. Conclusion: Performing varicocelectomy could be useful improvement of semen analysis parameters and in the possible treatment of infertility in men as well.

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Background&Objective: The infertility and its psycological problems can be considered as one of the important difficulties among married couple. Nearlly half of the infertility related to the men. This study was set up to determine the most common risk factors of male infertility in men attending infertility clinics in Shiraz. Materials&Methods: A case – control study was conducted in which 268 men. 161 fertile men were compared with 108 infertile men from the point of risk factors such as smoking habits, drug consumption, hernia, varicocele, job and BMI. Results: Logestic regression analysis, Risk estimate (adds Ratio), and t-test demonstrated that hernia, varicocele, ranitidine consumption, Job and BMI all have statistically significant associations with infertility in men. Odds Ratios of 2.5 for hernia, 4 for varicocele, 2.9 for ranitidine consumption, 2.3 for workers (simple, semiskilled and skilled), t=3.5 (P<0.05). With an increase of one cigarette per day there was decrease 1% in motility of sperm .With an increase of one year of cigarette smoking, the number of sperm was decrease about 800000. The BMI in infertility men was <25. Conclusion: This study showed that the most common factor in men infertility in Shiraz are varicocele and hernia and hard works can cause testicular injury.

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Varicocele is a deficiency of the testicular veins which is recognized by elongation and tortuosity of the pampiniform or cremasteric venous plexus and can lead to impaired spermatogenesis. Varicocele intensity is associated with the reduction of male fertility potential. This review article discusses the effects of varicocele on spermatogenesis process and fertility potential, etiology of varicocele, therapeutic approaches, and the result of treatment. All the published papers from 1975 to 2018 from databases bank such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed with keywords; infertility, varicocele, varicocelectomy, spermatogenesis, clinical outcome were collected and within these papers, only 74 papers were included for this study. Increased of testicular temperature, backflow of toxic metabolites from the kidney or adrenal glands, hypoxia, hormonal disturbances and oxidative stress are the most prevalent pathogenic cause of varicocele that they can alter testis and sperm functions. Several studies show that varicocelectomy can improve sperm parameters, chromatin statue and fertility potential in infertile men with varicocele. Possibly, treatment of varicocele before assisted reproduction technologies could increase the chance of spontaneous pregnancy in these infertile men.