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Background & Objective: Peritonsillar space infection can be occurred either as cellulitis or abscess formation. Antibiotic therapy, needle aspiration insicion, drainage and finally tonsillectomy are among the types of treatment, which may be carried out in this disease. When tonsillectomy was not done, the recurrence of peritonsillar abscess may be observed. The present study was set up to find out the recurrence rate of peritonsillar abscess with the type of treatment the patient is received. Materials & Methods: This study was done on 52 patients with peritonsillar space infection, 45 cases of these patients were presented with peritonsillar space abscess. The primary procedure such as recording personal demographic and previous medical treatment on this patient was done. These patients were home visited by doing that, the rate of recurrence, re-hospitalization, the possible duration of recurrence and elective tonsillectomy were evaluated, these patients were also clinically examined. The gathered informations were analyzed by statistical software (SPSS). Results: From 45 peritonsillar space abscess, 8 cases (17.7%) were recognized as recurrence, from these numbers of patients 6 cases (13.3%) and 2 cases (4.4%) had once and twice recurrence respectively. The highest recurrence was seen among the patients with drug treatment. There was a meaningful correlation between the method of treatment and the rate of recurrence incidence (P<0.05). The highest rate of recurrence was among 20-29 years of age. The prevalence of peritonsillar space abscess in women and men were 28.9% and 71.1% respectively. Winter and spring were the seasons with highest incidence. The rate recurrence of this abnormality among men and women were 15.6% and 23% respectively. Conclusion: It is recommended the patient with peritonsillar space abscess to have tonsillectomy especially later in adulthood, because of high incidence of recurrence. In cases where that abnormality is controlled by drug treatment alone, the tonsillectomy should be taken into consideration.

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Background and Objective: There is not a general protocol strategy about the necessity of routine microscopic examination of tonsillar samples in children. This study was conducted to determine the histopathological characteristic of tonsillar tissue in 1250 children, Tabriz-Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 1250 children (724 male and 526 female) aged 2-14 years old who underwent tonsillectomy in Tabriz, Iran during 2008-11. Variables including age, sex, clinical diagnosis and surgical indications were recorded. Paraffin blocks were prepared from samples of tonsillectomy and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histopathologocal results were categorized in four groups: Follicular hyperplasia, follicular hyperplasia with infection, malignancy and normal. Results: None of the children had initial clinical suspicion of tonsil tumor. Patients’ primary complaints were as follows: 92.5% mouth breathing, 93% nocturnal snoring, 74.3% recurrent and chronic cold and infections, 56.4% sore throat, 48.2% halitosis, 26% nocturnal apnea, 22.2% dysphasia, and 18.2% anorexia. Children with tonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive symptoms (57%), and tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent infections (42.2%) underwent tonsillectomy. In the histopathlogical examination of all patients being hyperplasia together with lymphoid hypertrophy were observed and there was no evidence of malignancy in any of the patients. Conclusion: No instance of malignancy was found in the histopathological examination of children’s tonsil-removed tissues and all of the tonsils had benign hyperplasia with lymphoid hypertrophy.

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Background and Objective: Pain after tonsillectomy is one of the most common complications. This study was done to compare the effect of Gabapentin and promethazine as premedication to reduce pain after tonsillectomy.
Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 104 patients aged 7-15 years who were candidate for tonsillectomy. Patients were randomly divided into gabapentin and promethazine groups. The first group received oral gabapentin 20 mg/kg/bw, and the second group was treated with promethazine syrup 0.5 mg/kg/bw one hour before anesthesia. Pain score was recorded based on the MOPS index and recorded and compared during 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery.
Results: The mean±SD of pain severity in the intervention group with promethazine at 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery were 1.35±0.84, 0.9±0.87, 0.25±0.52, 0.04±0.19, respectively. Pain severity was 1.58±0.98, 1.13±0.91, 0.69±0.27, and 0.06±0.24 in gabapentin group, respectively. There was no significant difference between pain score of two groups in 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery.
Conclusion: Gabapentin and promethazine as premedication have a similar analgesic effect in patients after tonsillectomy.

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Background and Objective: Chronic hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids is the most prevalent cause of sleep apnea in children, leading to multiple behavioral disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder caused by adverse biological, social and psychological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adenotonsillectomy on ADHD symptoms in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy before and six months after the surgery.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 37 children with adenoid hypertrophy in Gorgan, north of Iran during 2018. The data gathering tool was a two-part questionnaire; the first part contained personal data (age, gender), and the second part included the strengths and difficulties checklist. Patients were placed in three groups of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity based on 18 criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental disorders. The questionnaires were completed directly by the project performers. Information was collected from the parents. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess children before and six months after the adenotonsillectomy surgery.
Results: The average and standard deviation of scores in subscales of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention, peer relationship problems and prosocial behavior were improved, also a significant difference was observed between SDQ scores before and after adenotonsillectomy (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Adenotonsillectomy can significantly reduce the SDQ score. Therefore, in children with hyperactivity, a medical disorder such as adenoid hypertrophy can cause the onset, exacerbation and persistence of the disease. Proper treatment can be a major factor in controlling the severity of symptoms and even in improving the patient’s recovery.