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Compared with older children and adults, neonates are more sensitive to pain and more vulnerable to long-term effects. Despite the clinical importance of neonatal pain, current medical practices continue to expose infants to repetitive, acute, or prolonged pains. This specific intervention are necessary for reduced the neonatal pain experiences. This is an experimental study of determine the effectiveness of skin contact between mother and her healthy full-term newborn to reduce pain experience by the infant during intramuscular injection. The sample population was 30 healthy full-term newborns delivered at university hospital in Gorgan. The samples and controls were chosen randomly. During intramuscular injection case group was being helped by their mothers under cloth that directly were contact with their abdominal and chest skin and newborn in control group swaddled in crib on the bed before, after and during injection. Behavioral responses (Facial changes, crying, …) and physiologic responses (Heart rate and O2 saturation of arterial blood) of newborns were noted before, after and during intramuscular injection. The results show that there was no significant difference in behavioral and physiologic responses caused by pain between two groups, except crying time (38.2 second in control group and 35.5 second in case group). Finding from this study indicate that skin-to-skin contact has a clinically important effect on the pain of intramuscular injection, if we can prepare physically and emotionally a good situation.

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The kangaroo care method in newborn is a way of protecting the baby through skin to skin contact between newborn and their parents. This review study was done by using the keywords including kangaroo mothre care, neonatal, skin to skin contact and preterm. All related articles were published in Pubmed, Sience direct, Google scholar, SID, and Magiran were studied during 2000 to 2016. Finally, 36 articles were reviewed which were similar according to objectives, method of work, sample size, analysis method, and conclusion. Reviewing the selected articles showed that skin to skin contact among newborn and their parents regulated the body temperature of the neonate, increased the newborn's immune system, reduced infection and mortality rate, regulated heart and respiratory rate, increased the growth and weight gain in low birth weight neonates, reduced the stress and crying, increased prolong and stable periods of sleep, and also creates an emotional bond between the parents and the neonates. Kangaroo care method not only helps to care for the early stages of growth of premature neonate, but also increases the general health of the newborn and mother. This care can be used as an inexpensive and highly beneficial method for neonate's growth and health in human.