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This study has been performed on show the incidence of sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) in patients with chronic Otitis Media (COM) and it’s different parameters. 207 patients with persistent or previous otorrhea have been examined. 70 patients had bilateral otorrhea and 137 patients had unilateral problem so overall 277 ears are evaluated. The BC greater than 15 dB without carhartnotch was the basis for diagnosis of SNHL. 66 patients had SNHL and of them 26 cases were bilateral so total number of ears with SNHL were 92 (The incidence of SNHL was 32.2%). 3 cases were due to other causes like TB (1 case) RM fistula (1 case) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of middle ear (1 case). About 90.3% of cases had down slooping high frequency SNHL in their audiogram. In 47.6% of the ears with granulation tissue and cholesteatoma had SNHL while 28.7% of cases with chronic perforation revealed SNHL. Analysis of this study showed that there is a probability of increased SNHL during old ages the cases of prolonged and persisted otorrhea also revealed a higher incidence of SNHL. We didn’t disclose correlation between age and severity of SNHL.

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Background&Objective: Clinical findings effective on disability of stroke patients have importance due to their effects on prognosis and future recovery following rehabilitation. Materials&Methods: Consecutive stroke patients admitted in Valie-Asr hospital, Khorasan enrolled in a prospective study in 2005. Hemihyposthesia, hemianesthesia, hemineglect and homonymous hemianopsia were evaluated in the patients. Disability score was determined based on the Rankin scale at 72 hours post stroke. Mean of Rankin Disability Score (MRDS) was analysed by T and Fisher tests and p<0.05 declared as significant. Results: 329 stroke patients were investigated. Hemihyposthesia, hemianesthesia, hemineglect and homonymous hemianopsia were found in 37.4%, 13.8%, 7.9% and 7.3% respectively. MRDS was significantly higher in patients with hemianesthesia than other stroke patients, p<0.05. MRDS of patients with each of hemihypoestheisa, hemineglect and homonyous hemianopsia was not signigicantly different than patients without these abnormalities respectively. Patients with triad of hemianesthesia, hemineglect and homonymous hemianopsia had significantly higher MRDS than others , p<0.05. Conclusion: Hemianesthesia is the most important clinical effector on MRDS of the stroke patients. Presence of above triad predicts the highest MRDS in these patients.

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Background and Objective: Alzheimer’s disease is caractrized by brain degenerative alterations with subsequent learning and memory loss. Learning and memory is closely associated with brain colinergic system. Colinergic fibers originated from minent basal nucleus which is extended to cortex and hippocampus. This study was conducted to investigate sensory processing in the barrel cortex neurons of Rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 14 male Wistar Rats weighing 250-350g randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Alzheimer’s disease in Rats induceted, by infusion of ibotenic acid (5 µg/µl in each site) into nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) using Hamilton syringe and stereotaxic apparatus. The control group was non-lesion Rats with vehicle treatment. Two weeks after NBM-lesion, each animal was tested by passive avoidance learning (PAL), then neural response assessed by extracellular recording. Results: In cases, ibotenic acid infusion into NBM, significantly reduced memory (P<0.05). The results evoked by multiple whisker stimulation in extracellular single unit recording showed that in Alzheimer’s disease model of animals excitatory receptive field (RF) of neurons were extended but inhibitory RF was decreased (P<0.05). In addition the magnitude of neural response following principal whisker deflection decreased in cases (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that in animal model of Alzheimer’s disease possibly reduce sensory processing and contact discrimination.

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Background and Objective: Multiple sclerosis is one of demyelinating disorder of CNS that is an uncommon cause of the sensorineural hearing loss. This study was done to determine the hearing loss in multiple sclerosis patients.

Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 60 (44 women, 16 men) multiple sclerosis patients and 38 (27 women, 11 men) normal subjects by pure tone audiometery, otoacustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses in Gilan provine, Iran during 2010-11. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-17, Chi-Square and Fischer tests.

Results: 12.5% of case and 3.9% of the control ears had abnormal pure tone audiometery (P<0.05). The frequencies of abnormal HF-pure tone audiometery and two modalities of otoacustic emission did not show any significant differences in two groups. Abnormal autidory brainstem response of ears were observed in 20% and 9.2% of cases and controls, respectively (P<0.05). 20% of case and 9.2% of the control ears had abnormal auditory brainstem response (P<0.05). The absolute latencies of waves I, II and V had not significant differences between two groups. Inter peak latencies of I-III and III-V waves were observed in 10% and 11.7% in cases ears and 1.3% and zero percent in controls, respecticely. 6.7% of cases and 2.6% of control ears had retrocochlear abnormality.

Conclusion: Hearing loss detected by pure tone audiometery and auditory brainstem response is more common in multiple sclerosis compared to normal population.