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Cerebrovascular accident has been defined as some neurologic changes due to lack of cerebral blood supply. CVA is the most common CNS disorder and the third factor resulting in death in western countries. Unfortunately, the exact statistic data of the risk factors causing this disorder, in Iran isn’t available. In order to show these factors, this descriptive study has been done on CVA patients in one year. Data gathering was performed by a questionnaire including 17 questions. The questionnaires were filled by the patient’s bedside via using patient’s records, patient’s relatives and patient himself. Data analysis indicated the results such as: Average age of 66, the greatest frequency of Fars race (86%), pre-existing hypertensive disorder (64%), FBS=152 and the highest incidence of sensory and motor disorder. Consequently, applying some educational program can be useful in decreasing the intensity of the agents causing CVA, reducing stroke and its harmful effects and performing rehabilitation program.

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Background&Objective: Low back pain (LBP) is common in youth, although `associated with chronic pain in adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of LBP in school children age 11-14. Materials&Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on school children aged 11-14 in north of Iran. Using random multistage sampling 5000 children were selected. Demographic, mechanical and lifestyle data as well as the prevalence and LBP characteristics were collected by a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS (version11) software. Results: Of the original sample, 4813 (96.2%) children returned the questionnaire. Point, last month, last 6 months and annual prevalence were 15%, 14.4%, 15.6%, and 17.4%, respectively. LBP was significantly correlated with age (p<0.05), lifting (p<0.05), position and duration of watching TV, doing homework and duration of exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the prevalence of LBP in school children is relatively high. Further studies evaluating the effect of different preventive strategies to reduce the prevalence of LBP in school children is strongly recommended.

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Background and Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most neglected complications of diabetes mellitus that reduce the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the erectile dysfunction and related risk factors in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done on 700 diabetic men aged 20-69 years at Sina hospital and Abouzahr Health Center in Tehran- Iran during 2002-03. Patients were screened for erectile dysfunction using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Chi-Square test the P≤0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 35.1%. Prevalence rate of erectile dysfunction was 25.8% and 36.7% in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, respectively (P<0.05). Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe erectile dysfunction were 5.6%, 19.6% and 10%, respectively. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction reached from 9.7% in men aged 20-30 years to 35% in those aged over 60 years (P<0.05). In comparison with reporting diabetes lasting≤5 years (25.4%), prevalence of erectile dysfunction was less than those reported diabetes 6-11 years (34.3%) and 12-30 years (43.5%) (P<0.05). Erectile dysfunction increased significantly in those who had poor glycemic control. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in good, fair and poor glycemic control was 28.4%, 39% and 44.4%, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that good glycemic control and reducing the cigaret smoking are necessary to reduce prevalence of erectile dysfunction in diabetic men.

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Background and Objective: Placenta previa (PP) is a common cause of pri-partum bleeding leading to high mortality and morbidity in mothers and neonates. This study was conducted to determine risk factors and outcomes of PP in Golestan province of Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was done on pregnant women admitted for deliverly to the Dezyani hospital of Gorgan, Iran during 2002-07. All PP cases were recruited as case group and 251 non-PP ones were entered into the study as control group. Student t-test and Chi-Square test were used to assess the relationship between variables. Results: In this study out of 33473 pregnant cases, 82 women (0.24%) had PP. The mean (±SD) age of mothers with PP was 28.5 (±6.2) years. There was a significant correlation between PP and delivery method (P<0.05). History of cesarean section was significantly higher in cases than controls (P<0.05). The prevalence of hysterectomy due to PP was significantly higher in women with history of cesarean section (24%) than other ones (5%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: We found a significant relationship between history of cesarean section and hysterectomy due to PP. Therefore, PP should be considered in women with a history of cesarean section.

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Background and Objective: There is a genetic background for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Due to increase metabolic disorders, lipoproteins, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension in PCOS patients, this study was done to determine the cardiovascular risk factors in first relative member of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrom in Shiraz, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case - control study was carried out on 107 parents and siblings of women with PCOS as cases and 107 non-PCOS parents and siblings of women as controls in Shiraz, Iran during 2007-08. Demographic characteristic, BMI, obesity and blood pressure were recorded for all subjects. Serum lipoproteins including total cholestrol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and fasting blood sugar were measured in cases and controls. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16.5, independent t-test, Chi-Square and Kappa tests. Results: 35.3%, 26.5%, 11.76% and 5.8% of fatheres in cases were considered as overweight class I, class II, class III of obesity, respectively when compared to controls. This differecne was significant (P<0.05). Waist –hip ratio in mothers in cases (25.6%) and controls (17.9%) were higher than 0.85. Waist –hip ratio among the sisters in case and control groups were 23.5% and 17.6%, respectively (P<0.05). Hypertension was observed in 12.2% of cases and 3.7% of controls. This difference was not significant. High level of triglyceride were determined in 14.94% of cases and 6.5% of controls. A significant correlation was found between BMI and diabete II in case and control groups (P<0.05). Disorder in glucose tolerance test (GTT) in case and control goups were 19.62% and 7.47%, respectively (P<0.05). The obesity was found in 18.7%, 6.54% in cases and controls with disorder in GTT (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that obesity, central obesity, high level of serum lipoproteins and hypertension among first relative member of patients with PCOS are significantly higher than the controls.

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Background and Objective: Having a proper diet is very important. Many risk factors are involved in the development of cardiovascular disease that by changing them, the incidence of this disease can be reduced. This study was performed to determine the relationship between nutritional knowledge and level of physical activity with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and some cardiovascular risk factors in militaries men.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 97 athletes and non-athletes militaries men. The standard Parmenter and Wardle Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire of 1999 and Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire were completed. Subjects' fitness scores and physical indicators were measured. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, based on revised ATP ш and IDF was calculated.
Results: The mean nutritional knowledge of the subjects was moderate to low. There was a significant correlation between the nutritional knowledge, level of physical activity and fitness score and cardiovascular risk factors (P<0.05). Also there was a significant correlation between the nutritional knowledge, level of physical activity and fitness score with preventing metabolic syndrome (P<0.05).
Conclusion: With increasing nutritional knowledge, physical activity and fitness scores the risk of cardiovascular factors reduces and the possibility of metabolic syndrome prevention increase.