---

Due to importance of menopause and it’s effects on the menopausal women, and also the use of hormonal replacement therapy, we decided to evaluate side effects of Estrogen therapy on menopausal women, such as sleep disorder and related problems. 60 menopausal women entered a 3-months prospective, placebo-case controlled, double blind and accidental study. They were selected after taking history and physical examination, some necessary laboratory data, exclusion of interfering factors. They were divided in 2 groups with equal members. Conjugated Estrogen (0.625 mg per day) was given orally for 3 months to case group. Placebo (1 tablet per day) was given to control group. The 2 groups evaluated again after 3 months. A questionnaire with 7 questions was given to the members of 2 groups before and after treatment. Treatment with Estrogen reduce number of sleep awakening, daily drawsiness, morning tiredness and improve the sleeping and resleeping (P<0.05) and with confidence interval of (95%). In our study, there was not significant correlation between weight, age, duration of menopause, cause of menopause with sleep disorders. According to this study, we conclude that Estrogen replacement therapy reduce sleep disorders in post menopausal women. These findings confirm HRT benefits.

---

Background and Objective: Sexual function is an important aspect of quality of life, and reflects on the physical, psychological and mental well being of the individual. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Tibolone on sexual function, in healthy postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was done on 96 postmenopausal women with no absolute contraindication for hormone replacement therapy. Women were divided into two groups: 52 women in Tibolone group received Tibolone 2.5mg/day + Ca-D (500 mg +200 IU) and 44 women in placebo group received only Ca-D (500 mg +200 IU) for six months. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 months of treatment for hormone determinations. Sexual function was assessed by female sexual function index (FSFI) in six domains. Side effect and satisfaction was assessed. Data was analyzed by Paired and independent t-test, Chi Square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: 41 women in Tibolone group and 40 women in placebo completed the study. Compare to baseline values and placebo, the Tibolone group significantly improved on all of six FSFI domains (P<0.05). Testosterone, FTI and FEI increased and sex hormone binding golobulin (SHBG) decreased about 57% in Tibolone group (P<0.05). Headache, weightening, vaginal spotting and bleeding, were observed in case groups. Conclusion: Tibolone significantly improved all aspects of sexual function and increased quality of life by desirable changes in level of sex hormones and SHBG in Post menopausal women.

---

Background and Objective: Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a new cardiovascular risk factor and its concentration increase cardiovascular diseases, while physical activity decrease cardiovascular diseases. This study intend to investigate the effect of eight week walking program on lipoprotein (a) concentration in non-athlete iranian menopausal  women.

Materials and Methods: Twenty two healthy menopause women of 47-55 year of age any specific disorder were enrolled in this study. The subjects randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Anthropometric characteristics including height ,weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percent and Waist-to-Hip ratio (WHR) and serum lipoprotein on fasting were measured pre and post-walking program. The data were compared using independent t-test, U mann witny and pearson correlation caefficeint was used for assessement of relation between lipoprotein (a) with anthropometric indexes.

Results: According to these results, there was a significant reduction of serum lipoprotein (a) (pre test12.5±4/1 post test 10.5±3md), WHR, BMI and body fat percent prior and after the training in experimental group (P<0.05) while non significant changes was observed in control group. Also, there was non significant relationship between lipoprotein (a) with Anthropometric indexes.

Conclusion: This study revealed that 8-week walking program had useful effects on menopausal women’ serum lipoprotein (a) concentration, WHR, BMI and body fat percent.