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Background and Objective: Self-injury (SI), also called self-mutilation or cutting, is highly stigmatized emotional disorder. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence rate of self-injury among male pupils in Tabriz – North West in Iran and to evaluate the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this longitudinal study of all the pupils high school in Tabriz, 1772 (13.7%) were randomly sampled, and assessed in this and subsequent year. A self-administered questionnaire with 48 questions was distributed to high school in February and March 2005. After one year (February and March 2006), another questionnaire with 10-items was distributed to those students to determine the incidence rate of self-injury. The influence of different factors on self-injury was evaluated with a logistic regression model. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 16.3±0.87 (min 15, max 19) years. At the end of follow–up, 4.8% of pupils reported incidence of self-injury. Most type of incidenced self-injury were cutting and burning. The results of logistic regression model indicate that transition in smoking stages (OR=2.81), incidence of alcohol drinking (OR=2.27) and having smoker friend (OR=1.78) were factors associated with incidence of self-injury. Conclusion: This study showed that incidence rate of self-injury in this group of adolescents was 4.8% in one year, which related to age, alcohol and ciggaret smoking.

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Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal injuries are the common causes of disabilities among young patients. This study was done to establish the causes and clinical evidences of bone and joint injuries among young patients in Gorgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 600 subjects with musculoskeletal injuries reffered to 5 Azar teaching hospital in Gorgan, north of Iran during 2009. Age, sex, type of initial treatment, location of injury and medical treatment for subjects were completed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, Chi-Square and student t-tests. Results: The mean age of subjects was 25±7 years. 83% of subjects were male. In 37% of injured people, time of accident was between 12 to 18 o’clock. The most common causes were car accident (49.7%), workplace injury (15.3%), falling down (10.3%), respectively. Street (38.3%) and road (18.7%) were the location with high accident. Fractures (71.7%), soft tissue injuries (48.3%) and dislocation (8.7%) were the most common injuries. Upper and lower limb were the most common in injury and fractur, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that young men are more prone to accident and occupation injuries.

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Background and Objective: By increasing the number of athletes, sports-related injuries are increased and of those lower extremities injuries are more common. This study was done to evaluate the relation of sole arch index and static balance in female athletes with lower-extremity injury. Methods: This case – control study, was done on 18 female athletes without a history of lower extremity injury which were considered as controls and 18 female athletes with a history of lower extremity injury in past two years which were considered as cases. Static balance and sole arch index were evaluated using stork stand and Chippaux-Smirak index tests. Results: Static balance with open eyes was 16.10 seconds and 26.53 seconds in cases and controls (P<0.05), whereas, there was no significant difference in static balance with closed eyes and sole arch index between cases and controls. Conclusion: Poor static balance with neuromuscular control deficit can consider as lower extremity injury in female athletes.

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Background and Objective: Trauma is the most important causes of lossing effective life in human comunities, and it is the second leading cause of death in Iran. This study was done to determine the pattern of penetrating injuries and intrathoracic organ damage in Gorgan, north of Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive study, data of 107 patients with penetrating injuries whom referred to
5th Azar hospital in Gorgan-Iran during 2016-17 were collected. Age, gender, job, type, location and cause of injury were recorded for eacgh subject.
Results: The mean age of patients was 26.13 years. The most frequent job was related to unemployed group (39.25%). The most freqent causes of trauma were quarrel with 78.5%. The most divice were knife with 66.35%. Lung was the most injured organ with 11.21%. The least damage was to the large vessels with one case (0.93%). The two patients died due to heart and subclavin vessels injuries.
Conclusion: This study showed that injury due to knife was the most prevalent of penetrating trauma in street strife in northern Iran.

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Background and Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most serious knee injuries and it happens frequently during sports activities. Appropriate muscle activity is essential to provide joint stability and prevention of ACL injury. This study was performed to determine the effect of external focus instructions and functional training on basketball knee stabilization muscle activity timing.
Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 48 healthy male basketball players of the Iranian Provincial League in the age range of 19-25 years. The basketball players were randomly divided into 3 groups of 16 people including control group, functional training group with feedback and group without feedback. The timing of the onset of electrical activity in the quadriceps, hamstrings, and Gluteus medius muscles of individuals before and after eight weeks in the single-leg landing task was examined by electromyography.
Results: There was a significant difference between the groups at the onset of Biceps Femoris, Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Rectus Femoris and Medial Hamstring muscles. There was a significant decrease in muscle activity onset between functional groups with and without feedback in compared to control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the training groups at the beginning of the activity of the mentioned muscles.
Conclusion: Functional basketball training with and without feedback can optimize the activity time of the knee stabilizing muscles, during exercises such as jump-landing, increase the stability of the knee joint and possibly reduce ACL injury in athletes.