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Background and Objective: Coronary angiography is a routine and gold standard cardiac diagnostic procedure. Patients are restricted to bed rest after the procedure due to potential vascular complications using a femoral approach. Many patients are required to remain on bed rest for up to 24 hours after the procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of changing position and early ambulation on the amount of bleeding, hematoma and urinary retention in patients with coronary angiography. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study 140 patients, which referred to coronary angiography center in Dezfoul-Iran, were randomly divided into four 35-individual groups. The patients in the control group were in supine position for 6 hours without movement. Position change was applied to the first interventional group based on a specific protocol, early discharge was applied to the second interventional group and both early discharge and position changes were applied to the third interventional group. The level of bleeding, hematoma and urinary retention were measured at zero, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after angiography. The findings were collected using the individual data questionnaire and Kristin Swain’s checklist in order to evaluate the level of bleeding and hematoma. Results: There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of occurrence of vascular hematoma and bleeding. The incidence of urinary retention was non significantly higher in the control group in compare to others. Conclusion: Changing position following angiography speed up patient discharge from hospital.

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Penetrating atheromatous ulcer is the condition in which ulceration of an aortic atherosclerotic lesion penetrates the internal elastic lamina into the media. Differentiation of penetrating atheromatous ulcer from other causes of acute aortic syndrome such as intramural haematoma and aortic dissection is difficult. The main symptom is a severe, acute chest pain radiating to the inter-scapular area, similar to classical acute aortic dissection of the thoracic aorta. In present article a case of a 52 years old woman with long- standing retrosternal chest pain and with penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer in descending aorta was reported. Unlike the predominant picture of this disease,associated intramural hematoma was not seen.

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Background and Objective: Chronic subdural hematoma is a common disease among patients whom admitted in neurosurgical departments. Although therapeutic strategy of this disease is simple but prognosis of patients is not easily predictable. This study was done to determine the Prognostic factors in patients with chronic subdural hematoma underwent Burr hole trephination surgery method. Method: This descriptive - analytic study was done on 90 patients with chronic subdural hematoma whom treated with Burr hole trephination surgery technique in Urmia, Iran during 2009-13. Age, sex and size of hematoma, mid-line shift, density and location of hematoma, level of consciousness before surgery, history of disease, physical examination, post-operative brain expansion and post-operative pneumocephalus were recorded for each patient as possible effective variables in outcome. Patients prognosis were evaluated by modified Rankin scale was considered as follow: 0-1=good, 2-5=bad. Results: 63 (70%) and 27 (30%) of patients were in good and bad prognosis, respectively. Age older than 70 years, level of consciousness less than 12 and history of diabetes were the most significant variables being correlated with bad prognosis after surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion: Elderly age, level of consciousness prior to surgery and diabetes were correlated with bad prognosis in patients with chronic subdural hematoma underwent Burr hole trephination surgery method.