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Background and Objective: Although lifestyle-related factors have separately been examined in relation to functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), there is no epidemiologic data on the combined association of lifestyle factors with these conditions. We aimed to examine how combinations of several lifestyle factors were associated with functional dyspepsia (FD), its symptoms and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a large group of Iranian adults.

Methods: This descriptive -analytic study was conducted on 3363 Iranian adults (19-70 yr), whom were working in 50 health centers across Isfahan province in Iran during 2012. We used easy non-random sampling to select participants. The “healthy lifestyle score” for each participant was calculated by summing up the binary score given for five lifestyle factors, including dietary habits, dietary intakes, psychological distress, smoking and physical activity. A dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire, General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire and other pre-tested questionnaires were used to assess the components of healthy lifestyle score. A validated Persian version of ROME III questionnaire was used, to assess functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Results: The prevalence of FD and GERD among study participants was 14.5 and 23.6%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that individuals with the highest score of healthy lifestyle had 79 and 74% lower odds of FD (95% CI: 0.05-0.92, OR: 0.21, P=0.03) and GERD (95% CI: 0.09-0.69, OR: 0.26, P=0.01), respectively, compared with those with the lowest score. They were also less likely to have early satiation (95% CI: 0.11-0.73, OR: 0.28, P=0.001), postprandial fullness (95% CI: 0.09-0.50, OR: 0.22, P<0.001) and epigastric pain (95% CI: 0.21-0.92, OR: 0.44, P=0.03). In addition to the combined healthy lifestyle score, low levels of psychological distress, a healthy diet, healthy dietary habits and non-smoking were separately associated with FGIDs (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that adherence to a healthy lifestyle was associated with lower odds of GERD, FD and its symptoms in this group of Iranian adults. Individual lifestyle-related factors were also associated with these conditions.

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Background and Objective: Unhealthy lifestyle is the main cause of morbidity, mortality and preventable complications in the elderly. Performing health promotion behaviors are one of the most effective factors in maintaining and improving health. This study was done to determine the health promotion lifestyles in the elderly people.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 110 elderly people aged 60-88 years referred to teaching and medical centers in Gorgan, north of Iran during 2019. Data was collected using Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile 2 (HPLP-II) questionnaire. This questionnaire includes six dimensions of spiritual growth, responsibility for health, interpersonal relationships, stress management, physical activity and nutrition for evaluation health promotion behaviors status. The total score range of the instrument ranges from 52 to 208. A score of 52-103 was considered low level of compliance with health promotion behaviors and a score of 104-155 and scores above 156 was considered intermediate and high level, respectively.
Results: The mean±SD of health promotion lifestyle was 143.52±17.36. There was a significant relationship between lifestyle and demographic characteristics (P<0.05). Spiritual growth and interpersonal relationships had the highest score among the six dimensions of health promotion behaviors.
Conclusion: Health promotion lifestyle in the elderly was low in terms of physical activity and stress management.

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Background and Objective: Type 2 diabetes is a common disease that could be prevented or managed with a healthy lifestyle. This study was conducted to determine the effects of self-healing with mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy on the health-promoting lifestyle profile of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This clinical trial was done on 45 patients with type 2 diabetes who had been referred to the Sedigeh Tahereh Clinic in Isfahan (Iran) in 2021. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 patients: a control group, a self-healing group (first intervention) and a mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy group (second intervention). Interventions for each treatment were held as a weekly 90-minute online session. Posttest was After 12 sessions and three months after the test was followed up. The research tool was a health-promoting lifestyle profile questionnaire with nutrition, exercise, health responsibility, stress management, interpersonal support and self-fulfillment components. The questionnaire was filled out by each group after the 12 sessions and three months after the last session.
Results: Both the self-healing methods and the mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy increased the lifestyle scores of patients with type 2 diabetes compared to the control group (P<0.05), and the effect was maintained in both intervention groups in the follow-up phase. No difference was observed between the two treatment methods compared with the control group.
Conclusion: Self-healing and mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy is both effective in improving the health-promoting lifestyle profile of patients with type 2 diabetes.