---

Gastro-enteritis due to Vibrio Cholera was increased suddenly in summer of 1998 in our country. In this research we studied epidemiological and clinical features of Cholerae patients. Vibrio Cholera isolated from 189 (3.3%) patients from 56II stool samples. 182 (96.2%) Vibrio Cholera O1 isolated. 46 (24%) patients with positive stool cultures for Vibrio Cholera were hospitalized. 50% patients were 15-45 yrs. No sex predominency was seen. The important observations in this study including: Fever in 28.1% (13) of patients, sever leukocytosis in 15% (7) of patients, RBC in stool in 33% (15) of patients. Fever and neutrophilia and RBC in stool probably shows co-infection with order intestinal pathogens or different serotypes of Vibrio Cholera with new characteristics. So we are recommending extensive research to be done on serotyping of all of the isolates of Vibrio cholera and other intestinal pathogens simultaneously.

---

Background and Objective: There are some reports on the association between helicobacter pylori infection and typhoid fever in different parts of the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the co infection of helicobacter pylori and typhoid fever in Ahwaz city in South-West of Iran.

Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, fifty hospitalized patients with definite diagnosis of typhoid fever in Razi and Abuzar hospitals in Ahwaz were investigated. For each patient, one subject was matched with age, sex and socioeconomic characteristic as control. All of the case and control were tested for IgG –anti helicobacter pylori by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by chi squared test in SPSS software.

Results: Seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori in case (66%) was higher than control (44%) (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between patients and control in male (p<0.05), but not in female.

Conclusion: This study indicated that typhoid fever is associated with helicobacter pylori co-infection in this region.

---

Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. This syndrome accompanied by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and severe periodontal destruction of primary and permanent teeth. The teeth erupt normally but due to the severe alveolar bone loss both in deciduous as well as permanent dentitions, these teeth are exfoliated within two or three years after eruptions and by the age of 15 or 17. Patients are usually edentulous. Due to periodontal disease, the dentists are often the first ones who diagnose the syndrome. A 15-year-old girl was referred to dental clinic complaining of permanent teeth mobility. All patient’s teeth except 13, 14, 17, 23, 27, 37, 43, 44 and 47 had been extracted. The third molars were impacted. Patient has advanced periodontal disease and all teeth have mobility. There was hyperkeratosis at the palms and soles. The teeth were extracted and treated with complete denture. Early diagnosis of the papillon-lefevre syndrome can help to preserve teeth. Dental treatment included extraction of all deciduous teeth, professional prophylaxis, conventional periodontal therapy, systemic antibiotics, oral retinoid, complete dentures and implants.

---

Borreliosis or recurrent fever is a spirochete disease which is caused by various species of borrelia and characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, chills and spirochetemia that could lead to multiple organ involvement and even death. In this case report, a 23 years old man was presented with shaking chills, fever and abdominal pain from a week before hospital admission. Borrliosis was confirmed following observation of Spirochete in peripheral blood smear. The patient was treated with doxycycline orally and one week after treatment discharged with a good general condition. Coincidence of borreliosis with underlying haemolysis in this patient was misled clinical presentation.

---

Background and Objective: Kawasaki disease is the common acquired heart disease in children. Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis that predominantly affects the medium-sized arteries, with a striking predilection for the coronary arteries. This study was done to determine the relationship between coronary aneurysm formation and neutrophylia, in childern with Kawasaki disease. Method: This descriptive – analytic study was done on 80 children (45 Males, 35 Females) with typic and atypical Kawasaki disease in Afzalipoor hospital, Kerman, Iran during 2011-13. According to transthoracic echocardiography, patients were divided into childern with and without coronary aneurysm. CBC count, ESR and Peripheral blood smear was performed for each subject. Results: White blood cells, neutrophils, platlets and ESR in childern with coronary aneurysm, was non- significantly more than without aneurysm. Duration of fever in chidern without aneurysm was non-significantly more than childern with coronary aneurysm. Conclusion: Neutrophils counting by itself is not sufficient critria for the prediction of the aneurysm risk in kawazaki disease.

---

Background and Objective: Several methods are available for measuring fever in children. This study was done to compare the accuracy of three method of measuring body temperature using left and right tympanic, axillary and rectal methods in three months to five years old children.

Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done on 126 children (63 without fever and 63 children with fever) with 3 months to 5 years age in Mofid hospital, Tehran, Iran. Rectal temperature lower than 38°C was considered as Gold standard to determine fever. Body temperature was also recorded for subjects through right and left tympanic and axilary methods.

Results: Body temperature was recorded in axillary method 37.1°C (sensitivity: 92.1%, specificity: 90.5%), right tympanic 36.9°C (sensitivity: 74.6%, specificity: 84.13%) and left tympanic 37.3°C (sensitivity: 93.65%, specificity: 84.13%). The mean temperature in the axillary method 0.77°C, right tympanic 1.02°C and left tympanic 0.48°C was lower than the mean rectal method (P<0.05). The correlation between right, left tympanic and axillary with rectal method was 0.84, 0.894 and 0.925, respectively (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for left and right tympanic and axillary were 0.95, 0.87, 0.965, respectively.

Conclusion: The difference between rectal and left tympanic method was at the lowest level due to the ease of measuring temperature through tympanic membrane in three months to five years old children.